A Fluid Inclusion Study of Vein-type Copper Mineralization in the East Wulasigou Pb–Zn–Cu Deposit, Altay, Northwestern China
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This paper is funded by National Nature Science Foundation of China (41372096). We would like to thank Prof. Fan HR of IGG-CAS for assistance with the Laser Raman Microprobe analysis, and Mr Guo XJ of the Number 706 Team of Xinjiang Geoexploration Bureau of Nonferrous Metals for help in the field work. Thanks are also due an anonymous reviewer and Prof. Chi GX of the University of Regina for critical and constructive comments which significantly improved the manuscript.


A Fluid Inclusion Study of Vein-type Copper Mineralization in the East Wulasigou Pb–Zn–Cu Deposit, Altay, Northwestern China
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This paper is funded by National Nature Science Foundation of China (41372096). We would like to thank Prof. Fan HR of IGG-CAS for assistance with the Laser Raman Microprobe analysis, and Mr Guo XJ of the Number 706 Team of Xinjiang Geoexploration Bureau of Nonferrous Metals for help in the field work. Thanks are also due an anonymous reviewer and Prof. Chi GX of the University of Regina for critical and constructive comments which significantly improved the manuscript.

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    摘要:

    The Wulasigou Cu–Pb–Zn deposit, located 15km northwest of Altay city in Xinjiang, is one of many Cu–Pb–Zn polymetallic deposits in the Devonian Kelan volcanic-sedimentary basin in southern Altaids. Two mineralizing periods can be distinguished: the marine volcanic sedimentary Pb–Zn mineralization period, and the metamorphic hydrothermal Cu mineralization period, which is further divided into an early bedded foliated quartz vein stage (Q1) and a late sulfide-quartz vein stage (Q2) crosscutting the foliation. Four types of fluid inclusions were recognized in the Q1 and Q2 quartz from the east orebodies of the Wulasigou deposit: H2O–CO2 inclusions, carbonic fluid inclusions, aqueous fluid inclusions, and daughter mineral-bearing fluid inclusions. Microthermometric studies show that solid CO2 melting temperatures (Tm,CO2) of H2O–CO2 inclusions in Q1 are from ?62.3°C to ?58.5°C, clathrate melting temperatures (Tm,clath) are from 0.5°C to 7.5°C, partial homogenization temperatures (Th,CO2) vary from 3.3°C to 25.9°C (to liquid), and the total homogenization temperatures (Th,tot) vary from 285°C to 378°C, with the salinities being 4.9%–15.1% NaCl eqv. and the CO2-phase densities being 0.50–0.86 g/cm3. H2O–CO2 inclusions in Q2 have Tm,CO2 from ?61.9°C to ?56.9°C, Tm,clath from 1.3°C to 9.5°C, Th,CO2 from 3.4°C to 28.7°C (to liquid), and Th,tot from 242°C to 388°C, with the salinities being 1.0%–15.5% NaCl eqv. and the CO2-phase densities being 0.48–0.89 g/cm3. The minimum trapping pressures of fluid inclusions in Q1 and Q2 are estimated to be 260–360 MPa and 180–370 MPa, respectively. The δ34S values of pyrite from the volcanic sedimentary period vary from 2.3‰ to 2.8‰ (CDT), and those from the sulfide-quartz veins fall in a narrow range of ?1.9‰ to 2.6‰ (CDT). The δD values of fluid inclusions in Q2 range from ?121.0‰ to ?100.8‰ (SMOW), and the δ18OH2O values calculated from δ18O of quartz range from ?0.2‰ to 8.3‰ (SMOW). The δD–δ18OH2O data are close to the magmatic and metamorphic fields. The fluid inclusion and stable isotope data documented in this study indicate that the vein-type copper mineralization in the Wulasigou Pb–Zn–Cu deposit took place in an orogenic-metamorphic enviroment.

    Abstract:

    The Wulasigou Cu–Pb–Zn deposit, located 15km northwest of Altay city in Xinjiang, is one of many Cu–Pb–Zn polymetallic deposits in the Devonian Kelan volcanic-sedimentary basin in southern Altaids. Two mineralizing periods can be distinguished: the marine volcanic sedimentary Pb–Zn mineralization period, and the metamorphic hydrothermal Cu mineralization period, which is further divided into an early bedded foliated quartz vein stage (Q1) and a late sulfide-quartz vein stage (Q2) crosscutting the foliation. Four types of fluid inclusions were recognized in the Q1 and Q2 quartz from the east orebodies of the Wulasigou deposit: H2O–CO2 inclusions, carbonic fluid inclusions, aqueous fluid inclusions, and daughter mineral-bearing fluid inclusions. Microthermometric studies show that solid CO2 melting temperatures (Tm,CO2) of H2O–CO2 inclusions in Q1 are from ?62.3°C to ?58.5°C, clathrate melting temperatures (Tm,clath) are from 0.5°C to 7.5°C, partial homogenization temperatures (Th,CO2) vary from 3.3°C to 25.9°C (to liquid), and the total homogenization temperatures (Th,tot) vary from 285°C to 378°C, with the salinities being 4.9%–15.1% NaCl eqv. and the CO2-phase densities being 0.50–0.86 g/cm3. H2O–CO2 inclusions in Q2 have Tm,CO2 from ?61.9°C to ?56.9°C, Tm,clath from 1.3°C to 9.5°C, Th,CO2 from 3.4°C to 28.7°C (to liquid), and Th,tot from 242°C to 388°C, with the salinities being 1.0%–15.5% NaCl eqv. and the CO2-phase densities being 0.48–0.89 g/cm3. The minimum trapping pressures of fluid inclusions in Q1 and Q2 are estimated to be 260–360 MPa and 180–370 MPa, respectively. The δ34S values of pyrite from the volcanic sedimentary period vary from 2.3‰ to 2.8‰ (CDT), and those from the sulfide-quartz veins fall in a narrow range of ?1.9‰ to 2.6‰ (CDT). The δD values of fluid inclusions in Q2 range from ?121.0‰ to ?100.8‰ (SMOW), and the δ18OH2O values calculated from δ18O of quartz range from ?0.2‰ to 8.3‰ (SMOW). The δD–δ18OH2O data are close to the magmatic and metamorphic fields. The fluid inclusion and stable isotope data documented in this study indicate that the vein-type copper mineralization in the Wulasigou Pb–Zn–Cu deposit took place in an orogenic-metamorphic enviroment.

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BIAN Chunjing, XU Jiuhua, CHEN Deping, ZHANG Hui, CHENG Xihui.2016. A Fluid Inclusion Study of Vein-type Copper Mineralization in the East Wulasigou Pb–Zn–Cu Deposit, Altay, Northwestern China[J]. ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA(English edition),90(5):1754~1767

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  • 收稿日期:2015-09-30
  • 最后修改日期:2016-03-28
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  • 在线发布日期: 2016-10-20
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