The Changchengian System represents one of the earliest sedimentary covers deposited on the Archean–Paleoproterozoic basement of the North China Craton. We report zircon U-Pb-Hf isotope data for Changzhougou Formation sandstones in the Chaiguan area, central–southern Taihang Mountains. The youngest detrital zircon ages (~1782 Ma) constrain the maximum depositional age to ~1.78 Ga. Combined with regional constraints, deposition is bracketed between ~1.76 and ~1.64 Ga. Detrital zircon age spectra exhibit a dominant peak at ~2.5 Ga, with secondary peaks at 2.8–2.6, 2.2–2.0 and 1.9–1.8 Ga, alongside rare ~3.25 and ~3.70 Ga grains. Coupled with Hf isotopic signatures, these diverse populations suggest derivation primarily from the basement of the Trans-North China Orogen. Although the age spectra are broadly similar to the Archean-dominated Yanliao Rift, the presence of subordinate Paleoproterozoic and minor Paleoarchean grains, coupled with a predominant southeast-to-northwest paleocurrent, implies a closer affinity with the Xiong’er Group. These results suggest deposition in an extensional setting—likely associated with the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent—and record a northward marine transgression from the Xiong’er Rift Basin. Consequently, the central–southern Taihang Mountains served as a critical transition zone connecting the Xiong’er Basin with the Yanliao Basin.