The hydrocarbon-generating regularities of alginite, desmocollinite bituminite, cutinite, resinite and sporinite in coal and carbonaceous mudstone, suberinlamellae of modern subereous Quercus, blue-green algae (Gloeocapsa) of aquatic plants and mantis shrimps of aquatiic animals have been studied by use of the small-glass-tube thermal simulation technique. And the petroleum-generating models of orgnaic components in coal measures source rocks and modern marine organisms Gloeocapsa and mantis shrimps have also been constructed according to their micro-FTIR spectral characteristics and fluorescence properties. From the study results the following conclusion may be drawn: telalginite generates petroleum late and terminate late; hydro- carbon-generating processes of different types of desmocollinite and bituminite are different and desmocollinite can generate petroleum in the early stage; the hydrocarbon-generating simulation of modern subereous tissues supports the view of early hydrocarbon generation of suberinite; cuti-nite and desmocollinite B are characterized by multi-stage hydrocarbon generation; modern Gloeo-capsa is characterized by late hydrocarbon generation, late termination and a long duration of hydrocarbon generation while the aquatic animal mantis shrimps are characterized by early hydrocarbon generation, early termination and a short duration of hydrocarbon generation. The construction of these models has important economic and theoretical significance for correctly evaluating the hydrocarbon-generating potential of coal measures source rocks and pure marine source rocks in China.