摘要:前言前寒武纪地层,过去由于未发现大量可靠的古生物,在很长一段时期内主要限于岩石地层学方面的研究,从生物地层学的角度仅对迭层石做过系统的研究工作。本世纪四十年代以来,一些古孢粉研究人员把研究领域扩展到前寒武纪地层中来,发现了大量微古植物分子(菌、藻类及其各种类型的孢子),并试图找出其在各地质历史阶段的演化规律,以解决前寒武纪地层的划分和对比问题。经过近三十年的资料积累和系统研究,在这方面已获显著成效。

摘要:The Sinian system of northern China is well-developed in Yenliao region, especially in Chih County of Hopei, where one finds a complete stratigraphical sequence showing distinct contacts with both the overlying and underlying strata as well as rather clear subdivisions of three series and ten formations. It is considered the type section of the Sinian system of China.Since 1962 a systematic study of micro-flora (bacteria, algae and their spores) in Chih County of Hopei and in Penchsi County of eastern Liaotung has been carried on by the authors. A description of 7 genera, 33 species and 1 variety are new. The new genera named are Pseudozonosphaera gen. n., Dictyosphaera gen. n., Quadratimorpha gen. n., Triangumorpha gen. n., Polynucella gen. n., Polyporata gen. n. and Cornutosphaera gen. n.This study has revealed a regularity of vertical distribution of these microplant remains which is considered one of the criteria for the stratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the Sinian system. An attempt is made in correlating the Sinian type section in Chih County with its equivalent strata in other regions. It is indicated that the assemblage of mieroplant remains in the Chuanlingkou formation of the lower Sinian in Chih County bears resemblance to those in the lower and middle parts of the Riphean group of southern Urals and the Diabaig formation in the lower part of the Torridonian series of Scotland, while the assemblage of mieroplant remains in the Hsiamaling formation of the upper Sinian in Chih County is similar to that in the Vendian complex, especially its upper part, i.e., the Valdainian series of the Russian Platform.The relationship between the Sinian and Pre-sinian micropalaeo-flora and origin of combustible organic deposits is discussed. It is pointed out that sapromyxite, oil shale, oil and natural gas, all of great economic significance, could come into being in the Sinian period or at an even earlier time and that the Sinian strata may serve not only as reservoir rocks but also source beds of oil.During the Sinian the main elements of the organic world were bacteria and algae living in various water bodies. In the earlier part of the Sinian, there were Cyanophyseae in the main, while during late Sinian, Phaeophyceae developed rather exuberantly. No data available at present could confirm the idea that any advanced terrestrial flora had ever existed before the Cambrian.The method of micropalaeo-botanic analysis is proved to be useful for the studyof not only clastic but also chemical rocks such as limestone, dolomite and siliceous rocks. It is so far the only effective measure of palaeontology for settling the problem of subdivision and correlation of the Pre-cambrian strata.

摘要:我国是世界上人类化石极其丰富的国家之一,继北京猿人和蓝田猿人之后。又在我国南方云南元谋发现了一个新的猿人化石产地。 1965年5月1日,原地质部地质科学研究院地质研究所钱方同志等,于云南元谋上那蚌西北,在“元谋组”褐色粘土层中采到一些哺乳动物化石和两颗猿人的牙齿。动物化石经程政武同志初步鉴定如下:

摘要:前言前震旦纪岩层在中国华北和东北出露较广,包含了不同的变质杂岩、混合岩杂岩和岩浆岩类,蕴藏着铁、菱镁矿、金、铜、滑石、硼、磷、云母、铬等许多矿产以及一部分稀有分散元素和不同种类的晚期内生矿床,经历了漫长而复杂的地质发展史。因此,研究本区前震旦纪地质,不但具有重大的实际意义,同时对于地质科学理论的丰富和提高,也将作出重要的贡献。本文所涉及的地区西起东经107°附近,南界约在北纬33°30′—34°。它包括了“中国地台”的大部分(见附图)。

摘要:地壳运动问题,是地质工作者间至今仍在激烈争论的重大问题。各人依据的材料不同,考虑问题的逻辑步骤不同,认识上产生分歧那就必不可免。对自然现象认真的科学探讨,应当追踪求源,从现象追索到事物的本质。对地壳运动来说,我们应该主要依据哪些证据?用什么样的方法去进行研究?李四光教授从本世纪

摘要:1971年我们进行某地榴辉斜长岩类中铂族元素赋存状态的研究工作时,在人工重砂样品中发现了几十颗银灰色、强金属光泽、比重大的一种矿物;同时在磨光片中也见到一种反射率较高、非均质性显著的矿物。后经显微镜下研究、试金分析、电子探针分析、化学微量分析、X射线粉晶分析等结果判明,它和人工化合物PtTe_2很相似,这在自然界还是

摘要:中国第四纪冰期问题,迄今仍然是地质、地理工作者中有争论的问题。李四光教授在他生前广泛的科学活动中,曾坚持不懈地致力于第四纪冰川的研究工作,为建立我国第四纪冰期做出了卓越的贡献。中华人民共和国成立后,第四纪冰川工作在社会主义建设突飞猛进的形势下也获得

摘要:一、前言中国干旱区位于中国大陆的北部和西北部,是世界中纬度干燥带的重要组成部分。包括中国新疆、甘肃、青海、宁夏和内蒙等省(自治区)的大部分或一部分。居住在这个地区的各族劳动人民,在长期的生产斗争实践中,与“干旱”进行了艰苦的斗争,积累了丰富的经验。如新疆坎儿井,直到现在仍为开发利用山前平原地下水的有效实施之一(照片1);宁夏银川平原的“秦渠”(公元前200多年的水利措施),至今仍在发挥着它的灌溉效

摘要:中国岩溶分布极广,它与供水、矿产开采、水利水电建设、城市与工矿建设、道路建设以及人民日常生活具有密切关系。我国对岩溶的研究远在晋代就有文字论述,但解放前百多年,中国人民处于被压迫地位,未能发展对岩溶的调查研究。解放后,在中国共产党领导下,随着国民经济发展,深入开展对岩溶的利用、改造的群众运动,取得了较系统的认识。