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作者简介:

李永军,男,1961年生。教授,博士生导师,区域地质学及地球化学。E-mail:yongjunl@chd.edu.cn。

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李永军, 徐倩, 刘佳, 王冉, 向坤鹏. 2016. 新疆西准噶尔哈山地区佳木河组的重新厘定及地质意义. 地球科学, 41(9): 1479~1488.
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李永军, 李伟, 王绪龙, 段丰浩, 朱钊, 郑孟林, 杨高学, 张越迁. 2024. 西准噶尔包古图组的岩石组合及其时限. 地质学报(待刊).
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毛新军, 段丰浩, 郑孟林, 张越迁, 李永军, 郭文建, 张誉洋, 余海涛, 任海姣. 2021. 西准噶尔太勒古拉蛇绿构造混杂岩地质特征——兼论“太勒古拉组”的废弃. 新疆地质, 39(3): 365~371.
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目录contents

    摘要

    西准噶尔构造带包古图地层小区白碱滩北红山梁剖面上新发现一套晚泥盆世红色“硅质岩、粉砂质硅质岩、凝灰质硅质岩”海相沉积组合,与上覆包古图组深灰色—灰黑色含碳粉砂岩呈整合接触。经区域对比确认,该套地层显著有别于研究区乃至整个西准噶尔构造带地层分区已发现的全部上泥盆统各组岩石地层,符合“野外可识别、界面可区别、区域可对比、图面可表达”的原则,据此新建红山梁组。本次于红山梁组枕状玄武岩、玄武岩、安山岩中分别获得365.9±5.0 Ma、370.6±7.4 Ma和374.6±3.6 Ma的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄,佐证其时代为晚泥盆世。红山梁组与包古图组连续沉积之确认,消除了包古图组老于希贝库拉斯组这一存疑,建立了完整的下石统地层序列,新增了包古图地层小区泥盆纪的沉积记录,为区域沉积与构造演化研究提供了新资料。

    Abstract

    A new set of red marine sedimentary assemblages (siliceous, silty siliceous, and tuffaceous siliceous rocks) has been discovered in the Hongshanliang section of the northern Baijiantan in the Baogutu stratigraphic minor-region, West Junggar tectonic belt. These sedimentary rocks have been dated to the late Devonian and are in conformable contact with the dark-gray to gray-black carbonaceous siltstones of the overlying Baogutu Formation. Through regional correlation studies, it has been confirmed that this set of strata exhibits significant differences from all the Upper Devonian in the study area and even the entire West Junggar stratigraphic area. This sedimentary sequence aligns with the “four principles” of “field recognition, interface distinction, regional correlation, and map expression.” Therefore, a new lithostratigraphic unit known as the Hongshanliang Formation has been established. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the Hongshanliang basalt, pillow basalt, and andesite yielded ages of 365.9±5.0 Ma, 370.6±7.4 Ma, and 374.6±3.6 Ma, respectively, indicating a Late Devonian age for these rocks. The confirmation of continuous deposition of the Hongshanliang and Baogutu Formations not only resolves any uncertainties regarding the age relationship between the Baogutu Formation and the Xibeikulasi Formation but also contributes to a more comprehensive stratigraphic sequence for the lower Carboniferous. Moreover, the discovery of Devonian sedimentary records in the Baogutu stratigraphic minor-region provides new data for the study of regional sedimentary and tectonic evolution in West Junggar tectonic belt.

  • “西准噶尔中新生代盆地之北-哈图山断裂之南东-拉巴断裂之北西”所围限的包古图地层小区(图1a;李永军等,2021),是研究西准噶尔构造带构造演化的关键构造带,其受关注度最高、研究成果最多,认识分歧也最多。近20年来,全区1∶5万、1∶25万区域地质调查和大量科研攻关,大大提高了区内地质构造研究程度。其中,小区西南缘出露于巨型走滑断裂带内的奥陶系、志留系原是包古图地层小区之北西归属玛依勒山地层小区的主要建造,后被NW-SE向拉巴右行剪切大断裂和NE向达尔布特左行剪切大断裂双重作用走滑至现在位置(赵志长等,1983陈宣华等,2015Wu Kongyou et al.,2018)。迄今,可确认的包古图地层小区最老地层为下石炭统包古图组、希贝库拉斯组。但是,包古图组与希贝库拉斯组间多被断层分割(图1b),原始接触关系不清,两组究竟谁老谁新(丁培榛等,1985周良仁等,1987张琴华等,1989安芳等,2009李永军等,20102021郭丽爽等,2010孙羽等,2014a2014b纵瑞文等,2014张雷等,2015Zong Ruiwen et al.,2015龚一鸣等,2015Zhi Qian et al.,2021Zhang Pan et al.,2021宋永等,2022Tang Yong et al.,2023)、该地层小区内有无老于早石炭世的地层,这两大科学问题至今悬而未决,这不仅直接影响了下石炭统地层格架与层序的完整建立,也使得在该区域下石炭统最底部是否有沉积记录这一问题无法确定。如果有沉积记录,那么其建造与岩石组合是什么?这一基本地质问题迄今无定论。

  • 笔者于西准噶尔构造带西北缘白碱滩北发现了一套稳定的晚泥盆世海相沉积建造,并确认其与上覆包古图组为整合接触,因而回答了前述两大科学问题,也为研究区内晚泥盆世—早石炭世的地质构造演化提供了重要信息。

  • 1 区域地质概况

  • 白碱滩北红山梁一带属准噶尔-北天山地层区西准噶尔构造带地层分区包古图地层小区(李永军等,2021;图1a),构造位处中亚造山带巴尔喀什-西准噶尔增生造山带南带包古图构造带最南缘,南邻准噶尔中新生代盆地。NNE向的克拉玛依蛇绿构造混杂岩带是区内的盆缘大断裂,并被NW向的大侏罗沟断裂阻截。平行克拉玛依构造带和大侏罗沟断裂的次级断裂极为发育(吴孔友等,2014Wu Kongyou et al.,2018卞保力等,2019毛新军等,2021王小军等,2022),致使多数地质体被切割、位移和强形变,特别是导致了区内晚古生代地层缺顶少底(图1b),难以恢复其原始沉积序列和接触关系,地层划分简单,研究程度较低。

  • 图1 准噶尔构造带地质构造及地层区简图(a)及西准噶尔构造带克拉玛依—百口泉一带地质构造简图(b)

  • Fig.1 Simplified geological structure and stratigraphic zonation of Junggar tectonic belt (a) and simplified geological map of the Karamay-Baikouquan area in West Junggar tectonic belt (b)

  • 1 —第四系;2—上新统独山子组;3—下白垩统吐谷鲁群;4—上侏罗统齐古组;5—中侏罗统西山窑组;6—下侏罗统三工河组;7—下侏罗统八道湾组;8—中三叠统克拉玛依组;9—下二叠统佳木河组;10—上石炭统成吉思汗山组;11—下石炭统希贝库拉斯组;12—下石炭统包古图组;13—上泥盆统红山梁组;14—晚石炭世—早二叠世二长花岗岩;15—晚石炭世石英闪长岩;16—晚石炭世闪长岩;17—蛇绿混杂岩;18—断层;19—地质界线;20—取样位置

  • 1 —Quaternary; 2—Upper Neogene Dushanzi Formation; 3—Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Group; 4—Upper Jurassic Qigu Formation; 5—Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation; 6—Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation; 7—Lower Jurassic Badaowan Formation; 8—Middle Triassic Karamay Formation; 9—Lower Permian Jiamuhe Formation; 10—Upper Carboniferous Chengjisihanshan Formation; 11—Lower Carboniferous Xibeikulasi Formation; 12—Lower Carboniferous Baogutu Formation; 13—Upper Devonian Hongshanliang Formation; 14—Late Carboniferous-Early Permian monzonitic granite; 15—Late Carboniferous quartz diorite; 16—Late Carboniferous diorite; 17—ophiolitic mélange; 18—fault; 19—geological boundary; 20—sampling locations

  • 下古生界是区内的重要组成,主要有下石炭统包古图组(浅—中深海相细碎屑岩为主)、希贝库拉斯组(浅海相粗碎屑岩为主,局部见陆盆边缘河道相),上石炭统成吉思汗山组(残留海盆火山岩为主)等,自研究区北东向到乌尔禾之北的哈山一带,主要出露上石炭统哈拉阿拉特组、阿腊德依克赛组火山岩、火山碎屑岩。区内石炭系的岩石地层单位划分、建组剖面特征及区域对比等详见李永军等(2021)。石炭系之上通常被下二叠统佳木河组陆相磨拉石建造不整合覆盖(李永军等,20162021)。在此前的地质图上,本次厘定和新建的上泥盆统红山梁组在此前的各类地质图上多属于前人划分的太勒古拉组或包古图组的一部分。盆缘一带主要为三叠纪及中新生代河湖相沉积建造。

  • 2 泥盆系红山梁组的新建与命名

  • 2.1 泥盆系红山梁组剖面列述

  • 笔者实测的白碱滩北红山梁剖面起点坐标为:45°47.678′N,85°06.724′E;终点坐标为:45°46.502′N,85°10.748′E;方位为106°,长度5827 m。现指定为新建红山梁组的层型剖面(图2n)。现将剖面列述如下:

  • 下石炭统包古图组深灰—灰黑色含碳细碎屑岩夹灰岩条带夹火山岩夹层。未见顶

  • (37)灰黑色薄层状凝灰质粉砂岩(图2a)。层系厚2 cm;间夹灰褐色灰岩透镜体,镜体长约140 cm,长轴方向75°,宽厚10~20 cm     21.13 m

  • (36)灰黑色薄层碳质粉砂岩夹含碳薄层泥质粉砂岩。碳质粉砂岩层系厚约为2 cm,含碳泥质粉砂岩层层系厚约1 cm;二者呈韵律层状分布     46.23 m

  • (35)褐色英安质凝灰岩。凝灰结构、块状构造,多见斜长石斑晶,镜下聚片双晶和环带构造发育     51.08 m

  • (34)灰绿色玄武岩(图2b)。块状构造,斜长石斑晶含量约4%,镜下见残余小柱状角闪石,基质全为隐晶质结构     165.61 m

  • (33)灰黑色薄层凝灰质粉砂岩夹灰褐色玄武岩。凝灰质粉砂岩层系厚约为2 cm。灰黑色凝灰质粉砂岩与灰褐色玄武岩二者厚度之比约为1∶2,该层中下部灰黑色凝灰质粉砂岩逐渐减少,局部二者厚度之比约1∶1     24.91 m

  • ————整合————

  • 上泥盆统红山梁组    厚度>2169.88 m

  • (32)红色、红褐色含铁硅质岩(图2i、j)。隐晶结构、块状构造,偶见红褐色硅质岩层理,层系厚约为6~8 cm;新鲜面为红色、鲜艳红色,风化色为典型铁锈色,局地铁锈微染手    155.52 m

  • (31)红色薄层含铁硅质凝灰质细砂岩间夹灰绿色枕状玄武岩。细砂岩与玄武岩总厚占比约为2∶1。玄武岩枕状构造较为发育,多呈椭球体状,岩枕大小不一。枕状玄武岩镜下呈斑状结构,块状构造,斑晶主要为斜长石和普通辉石,含量1%;其中斜长石0.7 mm×0.28 mm,聚片双晶发育,普通辉石呈柱状、粒状,粒径0.5~0.9 mm,具辉石式解理     6.66 m

  • (30)红色透镜状、条带状硅质岩,局地呈团块状,隐晶结构、块状构造,含少量尘点状铁质矿物,镜下偶见放射虫碎片,呈近圆状,大小0.1~0.3 mm,由隐晶硅质矿物组成,外缘可见棘刺。岩石富含铁质矿物,岩石全岩分析其中TFe2O3含量8.25%     47.38 m

  • (29)灰黑色薄层状凝灰质粉砂岩,凝灰结构,质感坚硬,目估凝灰质矿物含量达20%以上    53.42 m

  • (28)红褐色硅质岩,隐晶结构、块状构造、硅质岩层理清晰,红色硅质岩为火山成因硅质岩,灰白色为沉积形成的硅质岩,由于颜色差异形成层面构造、红色硅质岩层厚1~3 cm    89.60 m

  • (27)红色含铁质硅质岩(图2f、g)。隐晶结构、块状构造、新鲜面红色,层理清晰可见,层系厚6~10 cm;岩石由硅质岩、泥质岩层组成,镜下见含放射虫状生物碎片。硅质岩呈隐晶状集合体,似呈层分布,含量约55%;泥质岩由<0.004 mm土状的黏土矿物组成,呈厚度不等的微层平行分布于硅质岩之间,互层分布,泥质岩中含尘点状氧化铁,含量约43%。镜下见生物碎片,截面呈圆—椭圆状,大小0.1~0.7 mm,由隐晶硅质矿物组成,局部外缘可见棘刺,含量约2%;氧化铁呈粉末状、粒状,粒径<0.2 mm,浸染状分布     13.49 m

  • (26)红褐色间夹灰色硅质岩。红褐色硅质岩呈隐晶结构,块状构造,清晰可见红褐色沉积纹层;灰色硅质岩为隐晶结构,块状构造,呈团块状包裹红色硅质岩中。红褐色与灰色硅质岩厚度占比约为2∶1     2.70 m

  • (25)红褐色含放射虫碎片沉火山尘凝灰岩。沉火山尘结构、块状构造,岩石由火山尘、泥质、放射虫组成,镜下火山尘大多已脱玻蚀变为隐晶长英质、硅质矿物及黏土矿物集合体,少数残余弧面棱角状玻屑外形,少量细小晶屑,棱角状,粒径<0.2 mm    23.94 m

  • (24)灰绿色硅质粉砂岩。新鲜面灰绿色、局部可见清晰层理,层系厚度约1~2 cm,多见褐红色灰岩透镜体,透镜体大小1.5 m×0.5 m,两端快速呈尖灭状    75.77 m

  • (23)红色含铁硅质岩(图2e)。隐晶结构,薄层状构造。岩石由硅质岩、泥质岩组成,含放射虫碎片,硅质岩呈隐晶状集合体,呈层分布;泥质岩由<0.004 mm的黏土矿物组成,呈厚度不等的微层平行分布于硅质之间,互层分布。泥质内含尘点状氧化铁     16.07 m

  • (22)褐红色薄层状凝灰质粉砂岩与红色薄—中层状硅质岩互层。凝灰质粉砂岩局部可见清晰层理,层系厚度约0.5 cm,该层多见夹红褐色灰岩透镜体,透镜体大小约150 cm×100 cm;硅质岩为隐晶结构,块状构造,层厚2~8 cm;粉砂岩与硅质岩互层,层厚比约为2∶3     168.59 m

  • (21)灰黑色强劈理化凝灰质粉砂岩(局部可见清晰层理、层系厚度约0.5 cm、导线延伸方向多见红褐色灰岩透镜体,透镜体大小约10 cm×15 cm、长轴方向约110°)     21.26 m

  • (20)红色含铁硅质岩。岩石呈隐晶结构,块状构造,风化色为红褐色,沉积纹层理不显    60.04 m

  • (19)灰黑色薄层—纹层状凝灰质粉砂岩。新鲜面黑灰色,局部可见清晰层理和纹层构造,层系厚度约0.5 cm,该层中多夹红褐色灰岩透镜体,透镜体长约10~30 cm,厚约5~15 cm     18.12 m

  • (18)灰黑色凝灰质粉砂岩夹薄—中层状灰岩(多呈透镜状),粉砂岩局部可见清晰层理,层系厚度约0.5 cm,灰岩呈层状,经透镜体化断续延伸,大小约150 cm×100 cm     4.69 m

  • (17)玄武岩夹红色含铁硅质岩。玄武岩为斑状结构、隐晶质结构,块状构造。斑晶为斜长石,呈半自形板状,粒径0.7 mm×0.3 mm,聚片双晶发育;基质在显微镜下球粒结构发育,由纤维放射状斜长石、辉石雏晶组成。褐铁矿呈粒状,粒径0.01~0.16 mm,星点状分布。红色硅质岩为隐晶结构、块状构造、新鲜面为红色,多被透镜化夹裹在玄武岩层中     0.52 m

  • (16)红色硅质岩。隐晶结构、层状构造。硅质岩:隐晶状集合体,呈层分布;泥质岩由<0.004 mm土状的黏土矿物组成,呈厚度不等的微层平行分布于硅质岩之间,泥质岩内含尘点状氧化铁、岩石网状构造裂隙。整体上该层层理不清晰     3.51 m

  • (15)暗红色硅质岩夹红色硅质岩。暗红色硅质岩,隐晶结构,块状构造;红色硅质岩为隐晶结构,块状构造,夹层最长处约1 m,呈条带状产出,不显层理     4.80 m

  • (14)红色硅质岩夹灰绿色玄武岩。硅质岩为隐晶结构,块状构造,镜下见含放射虫碎片;泥质岩由<0.004 mm土状的黏土矿物组成,呈厚度不等的微层,平行分布于硅质岩之间。玄武岩呈夹层状产出,灰绿色,单层厚约15 cm,斑状结构、块状构造。镜下见球颗构造发育,由纤维放射状斜长石、辉石雏晶组成,圆形,大小0.25~0.4 mm;褐铁矿呈粒状,粒径0.01~0.12 mm     16.33 m

  • (13)褐红色薄层状凝灰质粉砂岩。岩石新鲜面褐色—灰褐色,局部发育细小沉积纹层,层理清晰,厚度约0.5 cm。该层多夹红褐色灰岩透镜体,偶夹红褐色玄武岩透镜体和红色硅质岩透镜体     85.98 m

  • (12)褐红色玄武岩夹红色铁质硅质岩。玄武岩镜下发育球颗结构,由细纤维放射状斜长石、辉石雏晶组成,圆形,大小0.25~0.4 mm;暗红色硅质岩呈隐晶结构、块状构造。玄武岩与硅质岩互层,厚度之比约为5∶1     12.99 m

  • (11)红色含铁含泥硅质岩。隐晶结构、层状构造,岩石以硅质岩为主,见泥质岩微层。镜下见疑似放射虫呈隐晶状集合体;泥质岩由<0.004 mm土状的黏土矿物组成,呈厚度不等的微层,平行分布于硅质岩之间,泥质岩内含尘点状氧化铁     106.16 m

  • (10)灰色薄层状凝灰质粉砂岩,局部可见细小沉积纹层,层理清晰,层厚1~2 cm。层间有闪长岩脉侵入     27.71 m

  • (9)红色含铁硅质岩。岩石隐晶结构、块状构造,层理不显     116.37 m

  • (8)灰—灰黑色薄层状凝灰质粉砂岩。层理清晰,层厚约1 cm;局部可见细小沉积纹层     75.02 m

  • (7)红色含铁硅质岩夹灰绿色玄武岩。硅质岩为隐晶结构,块状构造,层理不显;玄武岩为灰绿色,呈透镜状产出,大小25 cm×10 cm,野外露头见枕状构造,大小70 cm×40 cm~35 cm×30 cm,镜下呈球颗结构,由纤维放射状斜长石、辉石雏晶组成,圆形,大小0.23~0.7 mm;块状构造。玄武岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为370.6±7.4 Ma    66.89 m

  • (6)红色含放射虫含铁质泥质硅质岩。隐晶结构、块状构造,镜下见疑似放射虫,截面呈圆状,大小0.13~0.48 mm,外缘可见棘刺,呈球粒状、隐晶状集合体,含量高达50%;泥质岩由粒径<0.004 mm黏土矿物组成,不均匀分布于硅质岩之间,约35%,风化和碎裂化后铁质呈浸染状分布,并多见于岩石网状裂缝中     226.45 m

  • (5)红色含铁质硅质岩,隐晶结构、块状构造,层理不显     23.01 m

  • (4)褐红色玄武岩。斑状结构,块状构造,层理不清晰     12.68 m

  • (3)红色海绵骨针凝灰质粉砂质泥质硅质岩(图2k)。岩石为隐晶—泥质结构,块状构造。泥质岩由粒径<0.004 mm黏土矿物组成,均匀分布于硅质之间。岩层中网状构造裂缝发育,充填有铁质。局地硅质岩中因铁质、泥质含量的差异显示出层理构造,层厚约4 cm     44.74 m

  • (2)红色含泥质凝灰质硅质粉砂岩夹凝灰质硅质岩。该层总体为鲜红色,局部见夹灰绿色凝灰质硅质岩,层理清晰、层厚5~10 cm。硅质岩中采获丰富的海绵骨针,形态以二轴四射针为主,另见有T型针和三轴五射针,骨针形态完整,有完好轴管构造保存     32.34 m

  • 图2 白碱滩北红山梁剖面代表性岩类及包古图组与红山梁组分界面岩石组合宏观对比

  • Fig.2 The representative rocks of Hongshanliang section and the macroscopic comparison between the interface rock assemblage of Baogutu Formation and Hongshanliang component in northern Baijiantan

  • 表1 红山梁组玄武岩、安山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学分析结果

  • Table1 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotopic analysis of basalt and andesite in Hongshanliang Formation

  • 续表1

  • (1)红色凝灰质粉砂质硅质岩间与红色含泥质凝灰质硅质粉砂岩互层(图2h、m、l)。硅质岩为红色,隐晶结构、块状构造、层理不清晰。两类岩层层厚度基本相同,暗红色含泥凝灰质硅质粉砂岩占比约为1/4     557.13 m

  • 2.2 剖面岩石组合及地层单位划分

  • 总体而言,红山梁剖面上的地层可以识别出岩石组合截然有别,色调区分性极强的两大套地层,上部33~37层为深灰—灰黑色调的“(含碳)细碎屑岩+灰岩条带+火山岩”,下部1~32层地层则为鲜艳红色调的“硅质岩、粉砂质硅质岩、凝灰质硅质岩(间夹凝灰质细砂岩、凝灰质硅质粉砂岩、玄武岩、玄武安山岩及凝灰岩)”组合。另外,在距剖面线SW约10 km处大侏罗沟东部路线调查表明,下部层位还出露安山岩、玄武岩、枕状玄武岩、气孔杏仁状玄武玢岩、玄武质集块岩、玄武质角砾岩、褐红色泥质粉砂岩、粗砂岩及少量砾岩。前者与下石炭统包古图组层型剖面中的岩性组合极其相似,并且37层之上地层本就是新近1∶5万地质调查确认的包古图组;后者无论是岩石外观颜色上,还是岩石组合及其地质时代上,在本文的研究区和整个包古图地层小区具有唯一性和独特性(见下文),没有与其相似地层单位,而且在西准噶尔构造带包古图地层小区之北的其他4个地层小区,均无与此套相似和基本可对比的地层发现(李永军等,2021),因而显著有别于包古图地层小区乃至整个西准噶尔构造带地层分区已建立的所有地层单位,这一唯一性和独特性为新建立岩石地层单位提供了充分、必要条件。

  • 据此,依据中国地层指南有关新建地层单位之思想,作者们将红山梁剖面1~32层红色调的这套地层新建为红山梁组,指定白碱滩红山梁剖面为建组层型剖面。

  • 2.3 红山梁组接触关系及段级地层单位划分

  • 层型剖面上,33/32层分界处两侧地层产状相近(图2i),地层裸露较好,总体连续出露,未见岩石破碎及断层岩等构造变形,可以确认为一连续沉积界面。

  • 仔细研究发现,1~32层岩石组合也可再细分为上、下两个岩性段。上段14~32层以红色凝灰质硅质岩、红褐色凝灰质细砂岩、红色凝灰质硅质粉砂岩为主,多夹玄武岩-玄武安山岩及同质凝灰岩;下段1~13层为红色硅质岩-红色凝灰质硅质岩为主,偶夹灰岩条带。简而言之,上段火山岩类较发育,以独立产出的火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩成层,或与硅质、粉砂质混合形成凝灰质岩类;与之形成鲜明对照和可区别的是,下段岩石组合中再无火山岩类。

  • 无论是上岩性段还是下岩性段中,褶皱构造极其发育是这套红色地层的另一特征。露头尺度多见协调性极好的复式褶曲,还见有多个尖棱褶皱、紧闭褶皱等(图2)。

  • 2.4 红山梁组时代依据

  • 本次分别于剖面31层玄武岩(样品BJT-TW39-1)和剖面SW约10 km大侏罗沟东的安山岩(样品WJ4-1)各采集1件新鲜样品用于锆石U-Pb测年(如图3a、b),采样位置见图1b及图2。

  • LA-ICP-MS原位锆石U-Pb定年在自然资源部岩浆作用成矿与找矿重点实验室完成。实验采用的激光剥蚀系统为GeoLas Pro,等离子体质谱仪ICP-MS为Agilent 7700x,激光剥蚀束斑直径约为30 μm,剥蚀深度为20~40 μm。采用锆石标准91500作外标进行同位素分馏校正,选择29Si作为内标。对分析数据的离线处理(包括元素含量及U-Th-Pb同位素比值和年龄计算)采用软件Glitter 4.4(Van Achterbergh et al.,2001)完成,锆石样品的U-Pb年龄谐和图和年龄加权平均计算均采用Isoplot/Ex_ver 3(Ludwig,2003)完成。详细的实验原理和仪器参数参见李艳广等(2015)

  • 图3 白碱滩北部红山梁组玄武岩(a、c)、安山岩(b、d)定年样品采样露头(a、b)及显微镜下照片(c、d)

  • Fig.3 Sampling outcrops (a, b) and photomicrographs (c, d) of basalt (a, c) and andesite (b, d) of the Hongshanliang Formation in northern Baijiantan

  • (a、c)—玄武岩;(b、d)—安山岩; Cpx—单斜辉石;Cb—碳酸盐矿物;Mt—磁铁矿;Pl—斜长石

  • (a, c) —basalt; (b, d) —andesite; Cpx—clinopyroxene; Cb—carbonate mineral; Mt—magnetite; Pl—plagioclase

  • 本次于剖面31层玄武岩(样品BJT-TW39-1)和剖面SW约10 km大侏罗沟东的安山岩(样品WJ4-1)分别获得了370.6±7.4 Ma和374.6±3.6 Ma的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄(图4,表1)。2个样品锆石晶形完好,发育结晶环带(图5)。从表1中看出,所有锆石颗粒Th含量为34.3×10-6~979×10-6,U含量为47.5×10-6~974×10-6,均具较高的Th/U比值(0.20~1.85),且这些锆石颗粒中的Th和U含量之间存在较好的正相关关系。另外,锆石稀土元素均表现出轻稀土元素亏损、重稀土元素富集以及较强的正Ce异常和弱的负Eu异常等特征,指示锆石属典型岩浆成因。另外,笔者此前已于剖面第7层枕状玄武岩中获得了365.9±5.0 Ma的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄(李永军等,2024地质学报待刊),因此,本文认为374.6~365.9 Ma为火山岩成岩年龄,佐证红山梁组时代为晚泥盆世。

  • 2.5 红山梁组区域地质对比

  • 本组呈一带状分布于准噶尔盆地西北缘的大侏罗沟断裂之东,北东达红山岩体之东缘,向北延伸被达尔布特断裂阻截;南西端被大侏罗沟断裂切断,出露最宽达10 km,延伸长达38~40 km;地层厚度最大处为红山梁剖面一带,厚达2200 m,北与下石炭统包古图组在剖面一带呈整合接触,向两端多为断层接触,南被中新生代以来陆相地层覆盖。

  • 在包古图地层小区,本组因色调为独有的鲜艳红色,岩石组合以“硅质岩-粉砂质硅质岩-凝灰质硅质岩为主”这一独特性而显著有别其他各组(李永军等,2021),也显著有别于整个西准噶尔构造带地层分区全部上泥盆统(表2)。

  • 3 结论

  • (1)白碱滩北红山梁剖面上新发现一套晚泥盆世独有的鲜艳红色岩系,岩石组合以“硅质岩-粉砂质硅质岩-凝灰质硅质岩为主”这一独特性而显著有别于研究区其他各组,也显著有别整个西准噶尔构造带地层分区全部上泥盆统。其与上覆下石炭统包古图组整合接触。经区域对比,该套地层的颜色和岩石组合具有独特性和唯一性,出露宽、厚度稳定,延伸性好,沿走向有较好可比性,符合“野外可识别、界面可区别、区域可对比、图面可表达”之“四可”原则(李永军等,2021),据此新建红山梁组。

  • 图4 白碱滩北部红山梁组玄武岩、安山岩锆石U-Pb谐和图(a、c)及年龄直方图(b、d)

  • Fig.4 Zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams (a, c) and age histograms (b, d) of basalt and andesite from Hongshanliang Formation in northern Baijiantan

  • 图5 白碱滩北部红山梁组玄武岩(a)、安山岩(b)锆石阴极发光(CL)图像

  • Fig.5 CL images of zirocns of basalt (a) and andesite (b) from the Hongshanliang Formation in northern Baijiantan

  • 表2 西准噶尔构造带地层分区上泥盆统岩石地层对比表(据李永军等,2021

  • Table2 Lithostratigraphic correlation of the Upper Devonian in the stratigraphic region of West Junggar tectonic belt (modified after Li Yongjun et al., 2021)

  • (2)红山梁组枕状玄武岩、玄武岩、安山岩中分别获得365.9±5.0 Ma、370.6±7.4 Ma、374.6±3.6 Ma的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄,佐证其时代为晚泥盆世。

  • (3)上泥盆统红山梁组是包古图地层小区新发现并确认本小区最老的地层单位,不仅限定了其与上覆的下石炭统包古图组连续沉积这一重要新发现,更确立了包古图组是区内石炭纪最老地层单位,也佐证了包古图组老于希贝库拉斯组这一久存的争议,完善了区内下石炭统完整的地层序列,新增了包古图地层小区泥盆纪的沉积记录,为区域沉积与构造演化研究提供了新资料。

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    • 吴孔友, 瞿建华, 王鹤华. 2014. 准噶尔盆地大侏罗沟断层走滑特征、形成机制及控藏作用. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 38(5): 41~47.

    • 张雷, 王国灿, 高睿, 申添毅, 纵瑞文, 晏文博. 2015. 新疆西准噶尔石炭系碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义. 大地构造与成矿学, 39(4): 704~717.

    • 张琴华, 魏洲龄, 孙少华. 1989. 西准噶尔达尔布特断裂带的形成时代. 新疆石油地质, 10(1): 35~38.

    • 赵志长, 周良仁, 黄廷弼, 张金声. 1983. 新疆拉巴—达拉布特弧形断裂带特征. 西北地质科学, (6): 41~49+117~118.

    • 周良仁, 赵志长, 张金声. 1987. 西准噶尔地区地质构造发展及岩浆演化特征. 中国地质科学院西安地质矿产研究所所刊, (16): 3~63.

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