江西省德兴铜矿矿区重金属元素的环境效应
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本文为国土资源部专项项目《矿产资源开发对环境的影响及整治示范研究》之子项目《矿床地质环境模型及环境评价》(编号303024082)与国土资源部百人计划项目资助成果。

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    摘要:

    本文系统研究了德兴铜矿排石场和尾砂库的环境问题,以环境介质(水土植物)中重金属元素含量为研究对象,论述矿区重金属的环境效应。研究结果表明祝家村低品位矿石堆浸场淋滤产生的酸性废水是造成大坞河流域重金属污染的主要来源。大坞河上游水体中Cu元素含量高达14506μg/L,是国家Ⅲ级水标准的14倍之多,Zn元素含量高达2938μg/L,是国家Ⅲ级水标准的2.9倍,同时pH值在3~4范围内;到中下游水体中Cu元素含量减小到几千到几百μg/L,水质有所改善。大坞河沿岸上游和中游土壤重金属含量受河水影响,随着与河岸距离的增加而减小。同时水稻中Pb元素含量是国家粮食标准的2倍。推测4#尾砂库尾砂表层氧化带深度大于80cm;而1#尾砂库库内尾砂中氧化带估计在0~25cm处。推测两个尾砂库产酸能力小于酸中和能力,故坝底水中pH值在7左右,对周围水体影响较小。与4#尾砂库距离近的石墩头村稻田表层土壤中Cu、Mo元素含量较高,远离尾砂库土壤中重金属含量降低。同时4#尾砂库周围土壤中Cd、Pb、Cu元素的吸附态、碳酸盐态比例在20%左右,因而在酸性环境下较容易被植物吸收。1#尾砂库矿建村种植的小白菜中Pb元素含量超过国家蔬菜标准的4倍,Cu、Pb、Zn元素含量严重超过背景值。

    Abstract:

    This article systematically studies environmental problems of waste rock and tailings in the Dexing copper mine. By research on the content of heavy metals in environmental media (water soil plant), this article discusses the environmental effect of heavy metals. Results indicate that the acid wastewater generated from oxidation and leaching from low grade ore was the mainly source to cause the pollution of acid water and heavy metals. There is a heavy pollution of Cu and Zn upriver, where the pH ranges from 3 to 4. But the content of Cu declined from nearly ten thousands μg/g upriver to several hundred μg/g in downstream of Dawu River. And the pH increases to almost 5. The content of heavy metals of the oil in the upstream and middle ranches of the Dawu River is affected by the river, and decreased with the increasing of distance from the bank of the river. The Pb content of rice in the Dawu river area doubled that stipulated by the National Grain Standard. It is presumed that the oxidation depth of surface layer in No.4 tailing sand reservoir is more than 80 cm, while that in No. 1 tailing reservoir is 0~25 cm in depth. The contents of Cr, Cu and Mo in surface layer are higher than those in deeper layer, and decease with increasing of the depth in No. 4 tailing. It is inferred that capacities of producing acid is less than that of acid neutralization, thus Ph value of bottom water of the dam is about 7, which has little effect on adjacent water. The rice from the Shiduntou village No.4 tailing reservoir is high in Cu and Mo, but the soil far from it contains low content of heavy metals. Most of the heavy metals in the two tailings exist in the form of sulfide fractions, which are very stable in reducing environment. The Pb content of the cabbage growing in No.1 tailing reservoir after reclamation was quadruple than that stipulated by the National Vegetable Standard for vegetable, and contents of Cu, Pb and Zn greatly exceeded regional background values.

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引用本文

初娜,赵元艺,张光弟,杨慧.2008.江西省德兴铜矿矿区重金属元素的环境效应[J].地质学报,82(4):562-576.
.2008. Environmental Effect of Heavy Metal Elements in Dexing Copper Mine,Jiangxi Province[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,82(4):562-576.

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  • 收稿日期:2007-12-27
  • 最后修改日期:2008-03-12