本文为科技基础资源调查专项课题（编号 2022FY101703）和矿产资源国情调查与潜力动态评价项目（编号 DD20230040）联合资助的成果
镓、锗是中国优势的矿产资源，均为共（伴）生矿产。中国镓矿床类型划分为含镓热液矿床、含镓以一水铝石为主的铝土矿矿床和含镓煤矿，前两种矿床类型资源量占主导地位，并且是可利用的矿床类型。中国锗矿床类型划分为含锗中低温铅锌矿床、含锗有机岩矿床、含锗岩浆热液型矿床、含锗沉积型矿床和含锗火山岩型矿床。其中，前两种矿床类型资源量占主导地位，并且是可利用的矿床类型。本文绘制了中国镓和锗矿空间分布及开发利用现状图。中国完全开发和部分开发的含镓资源矿区数占全国含镓资源矿区数的一半以上，未开发的含镓资源矿区数占比不到一半，闭坑的含镓资源矿区数仅有几个。完全开发和部分开发的含锗资源矿区数占全国含镓资源的矿区数不到一半，闭坑的含锗资源矿区仅有几个，未开发的含锗资源矿区约占1/2。总体而言，中国镓、锗矿具有广泛展布且局部集中的特点，可划分出22个镓成矿区带和13个成锗区带。中国是世界上镓、锗的主要生产国和出口国，整个镓、锗产业体量较小，每年都有大量的初级镓、锗产品出口到西方发达国家，但高端镓、锗产品等基本依赖进口。
Gallium and germanium as by product of other ore deposits are the dominant mineral resources in China. The types of gallium deposits are divided into gallium- bearing hydrothermal deposits, gallium- bearing bauxite deposits dominated by monohydrate bauxite ores and gallium- bearing coal deposits in China. The resources of the first two types of deposits are dominated and available. The types of germanium deposits in China are divided into germanium- bearing medium- low temperature lead- zinc deposit, germanium- bearing magmatic hydrothermal deposit, germanium- bearing sedimentary deposit, germanium- bearing organic rock deposit and germanium- bearing volcanic rock deposit. Among them, the resources of germanium- bearing medium- low temperature lead- zinc deposit and germanium- bearing organic rock deposit are dominant and available. The spatial distribution, development and utilization of gallium- and germanium- bearing ore deposits in China are mapped. The number of fully utilized orefields and partly utilized gallium- bearing orefields in China accounts for more than half of the total, the number of fully unutilized gallium- bearing orefields accounts for less than half, and the number of closed orefields is only a few. The number of utilized orefields and partly utilized germanium- bearing orefields accounts for less than half of the total, the number of closed orefields is only a few, and the number of fully unutilized germanium- bearing orefields accounts for about 1/2. In general, although gallium- and germanium- bearing deposits are widely distributed in China, they are mainly concentrated in a few metallogenic belts. Gallium- bearing ore deposits are divided into 22 metallogenic belts (regions), and germanium- bearing ore deposits are divided into 13 metallogenic belts (regions). China is the most significant producer and exporter of gallium and germanium in the world. The gallium and germanium industry is small. A large number of primary gallium and germanium products exported to western developed countries every year. But high- end gallium and germanium products are basically dependent on imports in China.
余金杰,陈其慎,毕珉烽,陈绍聪,陈小丹,张蕊.2025.中国镓锗资源的矿床类型划分、空间分布和开发利用现状[J].地质学报,99(4):1073-1084.
YU Jinjie, CHEN Qishen, BI Minfeng, CHEN Shaocong, CHEN Xiaodan, ZHANG Rui.2025. The deposit types, spatial distribution and development and utilization of gallium and germanium resources in China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,99(4):1073-1084.
