Gallium and germanium as by product of other ore deposits are the dominant mineral resources in China. The types of gallium deposits are divided into gallium- bearing hydrothermal deposits, gallium- bearing bauxite deposits dominated by monohydrate bauxite ores and gallium- bearing coal deposits in China. The resources of the first two types of deposits are dominated and available. The types of germanium deposits in China are divided into germanium- bearing medium- low temperature lead- zinc deposit, germanium- bearing magmatic hydrothermal deposit, germanium- bearing sedimentary deposit, germanium- bearing organic rock deposit and germanium- bearing volcanic rock deposit. Among them, the resources of germanium- bearing medium- low temperature lead- zinc deposit and germanium- bearing organic rock deposit are dominant and available. The spatial distribution, development and utilization of gallium- and germanium- bearing ore deposits in China are mapped. The number of fully utilized orefields and partly utilized gallium- bearing orefields in China accounts for more than half of the total, the number of fully unutilized gallium- bearing orefields accounts for less than half, and the number of closed orefields is only a few. The number of utilized orefields and partly utilized germanium- bearing orefields accounts for less than half of the total, the number of closed orefields is only a few, and the number of fully unutilized germanium- bearing orefields accounts for about 1/2. In general, although gallium- and germanium- bearing deposits are widely distributed in China, they are mainly concentrated in a few metallogenic belts. Gallium- bearing ore deposits are divided into 22 metallogenic belts (regions), and germanium- bearing ore deposits are divided into 13 metallogenic belts (regions). China is the most significant producer and exporter of gallium and germanium in the world. The gallium and germanium industry is small. A large number of primary gallium and germanium products exported to western developed countries every year. But high- end gallium and germanium products are basically dependent on imports in China.