In order to find out the distribution regularities of organic matter abundance of Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, five typical drilling wells of Huachi, Heshui, Zhidan, Yaoqu and Yichuan in the southern basin were chosen, the spatial distribution of TOC contents of Chang 9 to Chang 4+5 sections of the wells and their controlling factors have been studied through the quantitative recovery method based on logging data. Results show that the TOC contents of well Li 94 and well Ning 36 mainly are “good” and “very good” in hydrocarbon source rock evaluation standard, while the TOC contents are “fair” and “good” in well Dan 48, well Wang 22 and well YK1. In the areas of well Li 94, well Ning 36 and well YK1, the organic matter enrichment layer is mainly concentrated in Chang 7 section, the continuous thickness of “very good” hydrocarbon source rock is up to 30 m. And in the area of well Dan 48, the organic matter enrichment layer is concentrated in Chang 9 section, the continuous thickness of “very good” hydrocarbon source rock is about 20 m, which deposited in the highstand systems tract of the stratigraphic sequence I or II in Yanchang Formation, whereas there is no significant organic matter enrichment section in well Wang 22. Studies suggest that the distribution and evolution of sedimentary facies was the main controlling factor of the different spatial distribution of organic matter abundance, volcanic activities and sedimentation rate aggravated the spatial difference of organic matter abundance, and the bottom thermal fluid activities and ancient climate conditions likely had a certain influence on the organic matter abundance differences of Yanchang Formation.