This paper deals with the framework and evolution of the Neoproterozoic-Early Paleozoic South-China Rift System based on the stratigraphy, structure and geologic events, etc. The rift occurring in the Qingbaikou Period (ca 815±Ma) shortly after the Jinning Orogeny (about 820±Ma) consists of Anhui-Zhejiang-Jiangxi graben-horst belt, Hunan-Guangxi step slope belt and South-China rifting ocean basin. The graben-horst belt is composed of "double upwarpings and double valleys" accompanied with intensive volcanic activities, maintained at the end of Qingbaikou Period (about 780±Ma). The step slope belt is composed of three step slopes, namely; Wuling (red Bnaxi), Xufeng (gray Banxi) and west section of Qinzhou-Hangzhou belt (black Banxi). South-China rifting ocean basin takes the Nanling central ocean basin as the core, surrounded by the Wuyi and Lingnan rifting blocks at underwater and the central Fujian rift valley along the outer rim. During the Silurian, the basin was gradually closing from east to west to form mountains in the movement form of "affixed to the North and matched to the West", resulting in the complex structural framework. The asynchronous westward movement of Nanling and Lingnan blocks and their integration formed a Hechi-Dingnan compressed transform suture zone, which constitutes the primary framework of Nanling east-west-trending tectonic belt. The Qinzhou-Hangzhou rift is the main branch and water channel of South-China Rift system, while the Qinzhou residual rift trough in the south was not closed until end of middle Triassic. The formation and development of South-China rift system was a major event in the geological history of South China and played an important restriction on later structure and magmatic metallogenesis.