Structural Traces of Secondary Faults (Fractures) along the Main Faults and Their Reliability as Kinematic Indicators
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In recent field work, the authors have talked to many geologists, who urge the authors to think over some types of kinematic indicators and to observe these structures more carefully in the fields. Here we thank these geologists cordially for their helpful discussion and debate. And we thank the two reviewers for their constructive and careful reviews and encouragement. This research was funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (Nos. 2007CB411306 and 2001CB409810), China Geological Survey (No.1212010611806) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40702032).


Structural Traces of Secondary Faults (Fractures) along the Main Faults and Their Reliability as Kinematic Indicators
Author:
  • ZHANG Jin

    ZHANG Jin

    1 Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; 2 Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China; 3 Department of Chang Qing Geophysical Survey, Geophysical Company Limited, China National Petroleum Corporation, Xi’an 710000, China
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  • LI Jinyi

    LI Jinyi

    1 Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; 2 Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China; 3 Department of Chang Qing Geophysical Survey, Geophysical Company Limited, China National Petroleum Corporation, Xi’an 710000, China
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  • MA Zongjin

    MA Zongjin

    1 Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; 2 Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China; 3 Department of Chang Qing Geophysical Survey, Geophysical Company Limited, China National Petroleum Corporation, Xi’an 710000, China
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  • REN Wenjun

    REN Wenjun

    1 Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; 2 Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China; 3 Department of Chang Qing Geophysical Survey, Geophysical Company Limited, China National Petroleum Corporation, Xi’an 710000, China
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In recent field work, the authors have talked to many geologists, who urge the authors to think over some types of kinematic indicators and to observe these structures more carefully in the fields. Here we thank these geologists cordially for their helpful discussion and debate. And we thank the two reviewers for their constructive and careful reviews and encouragement. This research was funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (Nos. 2007CB411306 and 2001CB409810), China Geological Survey (No.1212010611806) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40702032).

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    摘要:

    Secondary/minor structures occurring along the main fault surfaces are important indicators for judging the kinematic characteristics of faults. However, many factors can lead to the formation of these structures, which results in the difficulty for rapid judgment and application in the fields. A series of secondary faults/fractures developed due to the movement of main faults are the most important and widespread phenomena in the scope of brittle deformation. The morphology of the main fault surfaces is various, and former researchers mainly discussed the structures on the main even fault surfaces. However, the fluctuation of fault surfaces is the intrinsic character of the faults, and the intersection between the main fault and secondary faults/fractures can produce a series of kinematic indicators on the main fault surfaces. Based on previous studies and our observations, i.e. the structural traces of the P, R, R’, T and X shears/faults along the main faults, some indicators which are rarely reported previously, are described in the paper. Furthermore, their reliabilities are also discussed, and more practical and reliable criteria are brought forward. We suggest that the simple application of congruous and incongruous steps without knowing their exact origins should be abandoned in the fields, and several types of indicators along one fault surface should be checked with each other as much as possible. Meanwhile, the origins of some other arcuate indicators on the fault surfaces are also discussed, and new models are brought forward.

    Abstract:

    Secondary/minor structures occurring along the main fault surfaces are important indicators for judging the kinematic characteristics of faults. However, many factors can lead to the formation of these structures, which results in the difficulty for rapid judgment and application in the fields. A series of secondary faults/fractures developed due to the movement of main faults are the most important and widespread phenomena in the scope of brittle deformation. The morphology of the main fault surfaces is various, and former researchers mainly discussed the structures on the main even fault surfaces. However, the fluctuation of fault surfaces is the intrinsic character of the faults, and the intersection between the main fault and secondary faults/fractures can produce a series of kinematic indicators on the main fault surfaces. Based on previous studies and our observations, i.e. the structural traces of the P, R, R’, T and X shears/faults along the main faults, some indicators which are rarely reported previously, are described in the paper. Furthermore, their reliabilities are also discussed, and more practical and reliable criteria are brought forward. We suggest that the simple application of congruous and incongruous steps without knowing their exact origins should be abandoned in the fields, and several types of indicators along one fault surface should be checked with each other as much as possible. Meanwhile, the origins of some other arcuate indicators on the fault surfaces are also discussed, and new models are brought forward.

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ZHANG Jin, LI Jinyi, MA Zongjin, REN Wenjun.2011. Structural Traces of Secondary Faults (Fractures) along the Main Faults and Their Reliability as Kinematic Indicators[J]. ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA(English edition),85(5):1137~1149

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  • 收稿日期:2010-06-11
  • 最后修改日期:2010-11-15
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