• WU Xinwei

  WU Xinwei

  1 Shenyang Center of China Geological Survey, Shenyang 110034, China 2 Key Laboratory of Deep Mineral Resources Exploration and Evaluation, Department of Natural Resource of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110034, China
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• LIU Zhenghong

  LIU Zhenghong

  3 College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
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• LIU Yongjiang

  LIU Yongjiang

  4 Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE and College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China 5 Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
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• ZHANG Chao1

  ZHANG Chao1

  6 School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
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• SHAO Jun

  SHAO Jun

  1 Shenyang Center of China Geological Survey, Shenyang 110034, China 2 Key Laboratory of Deep Mineral Resources Exploration and Evaluation, Department of Natural Resource of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110034, China
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• ZHANG Chao2

  ZHANG Chao2

  1 Shenyang Center of China Geological Survey, Shenyang 110034, China 2 Key Laboratory of Deep Mineral Resources Exploration and Evaluation, Department of Natural Resource of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110034, China
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• ZHANG Yujin

  ZHANG Yujin

  1 Shenyang Center of China Geological Survey, Shenyang 110034, China 2 Key Laboratory of Deep Mineral Resources Exploration and Evaluation, Department of Natural Resource of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110034, China
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• GUO Wei

  GUO Wei

  1 Shenyang Center of China Geological Survey, Shenyang 110034, China 2 Key Laboratory of Deep Mineral Resources Exploration and Evaluation, Department of Natural Resource of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110034, China
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• LIU Baoshan

  LIU Baoshan

  1 Shenyang Center of China Geological Survey, Shenyang 110034, China 2 Key Laboratory of Deep Mineral Resources Exploration and Evaluation, Department of Natural Resource of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110034, China
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• ZHANG Guangyu

  ZHANG Guangyu

  1 Shenyang Center of China Geological Survey, Shenyang 110034, China 2 Key Laboratory of Deep Mineral Resources Exploration and Evaluation, Department of Natural Resource of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110034, China
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We thank Prof. Liu Jin and Prof. Xu Zhongyuan for their helpful discussions in addition to the anonymous reviewers for their critical review and helpful suggestions. This study was co-supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 42130305), China Geological Survey (Grant Nos. DD20221687, DD20230047, DD20160047) and the NSFC project (Grant Nos. 41802238, 42102271).