• JIAO Liqing

  JIAO Liqing

  1 SinoProbe Center, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China 2 Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
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• CHAN Chung-Han

  CHAN Chung-Han

  3 Earthquake-Disaster & Risk Evaluation and Management (E-DREaM) Center, National Central University, Taoyuan, China 4 Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, China
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• Luc SCHOLTES

  Luc SCHOLTES

  5 CNRS, IRD, OPGC, Laboratoire Magma et Volcans, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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• Aurelia HUBERT-FERRARI

  Aurelia HUBERT-FERRARI

  6 Department de Geography, Université de Liege, Liege, Belgium
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• Frederic-Victor DONZE

  Frederic-Victor DONZE

  7 Institut des Sciences de la Terre, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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• Paul TAPPONNIER

  Paul TAPPONNIER

  8 National Institute of Natural Hazards, MEMC, Beijing 100085, China
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We thank Professor Sylvain Barbot for the extremely helpful comments and suggestions. Paul Tapponnier is grateful to the Asian School of the Environment (ASE) for allowing him to complete this work by extending his contract at NTU for one year and a half. This work is Earth Observatory of Singapore contribution (No. M4430217.B50.706022) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant Nos. MOST 109-2116-M-008-029-MY3, MOST 110-2124-M-002-008, and MOST 110-2634-F-008-008). We note that there are no data sharing issues in the paper since all of the numerical information has been provided in the table and figures. Jiao Liqing carried out the simulations and prepared the manuscript. Chan Chung-Han contributed to the result interpretation, wrote manuscript, and administrate project.