Abstract:Kugou, Konglongjian, Xijiantun and Zangjiazhuang of Zhucheng, Eastern Shandong, China are famous for the world class dinosaur bone beds of the early Late Cretaceous. Based on analyses by thin section and Electronic Probe Microanalyzer (EPMA) and the analyses of Major element, rare earth element(REE) and trace element, the paper systemically studies the micro structure and geochemical characteristics of dinosaur bones, analyzes the taphonomy and diagenetic process of dinosaur bones, clarifies the interrelationships of the four bone beds stratigraphically and the resource provenance direction of dinosaur bones and discusses the possible facts causing the death of the dinosaurs. Apatite and calcite are the main mineral composition of dinosaur bones in study areas, with a small amount of odd Fe, Mn, BaSO4 and SiO2, etc. Analysis the principle and Major element, REE and trace element of the dinosaur bones and the host matrix shows that the values of CaO, P2O5, F, REE, Y, Sr, Ba and U in the former are much higher than in the latter. The high value of CaO, P2O5, F, Sr and Ba in dinosaur bones may have been resulted from a high background value in life; whereas the abnormal high values of REE, Y and U may have been caused by postmodern absorption during the diagenetic process. Since Rb, Th, Nb, SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Zr and Hf belong to sedimentophile clastics elements from the weathering products of parent rocks, they occupy less in dinosaur bones than the host rock. REE of dinosaur bones belong to the enriching type of light rare earth element(LREE), similar to that of the upper crust, with a slight positive anomaly of Eu and a passive anomaly of Ce. Our study suggests that shallow burying diageneses under a draught climate and oxide environment may have caused the high content of Sr, Ba and REE such as Eu and Ce in dinosaur bones and the host rock. Based on comparisons between apatite and calcite, molecular weathering ratios between dinosaur bones and the host rock, and the correlation of many elements, such as REE, HREE (high rare earth element), LREE and（La/Yb）N,（Ce/Yb）N and（La/Sm）N, δEu, δCe, the four dinosaur bone beds are stratigraphically redefined as, in ascending order, Kugou, Xijiantun, Konglongjian and Zangjiazhuan. The provenances of the host rack are mainly from the volcanite of the underlying Qingshan Group and the erosion products of the Laiyang group’s sedimentary rocks. The frequent discovery of dinosaur bone beds in the lower strata (less than 100 meters) of the Hongtuya Formation of the Late Cretaceous suggest that the taphonomy of those fossil bones is not an isolated event. Draught climate, especially the high anomaly of Sr and Ba in the background environment may have played important roles in the mortality of dinosaurs. Moreover, the shortage of water and food may have been another critical factor causing the death of dinosaurs. Then dinosaur bones were transported and accumulated by seasonal floods or surging debris flows in the direction of the northwest to southeast of Zhucheng.

Abstract:The results of analysis on benthic foraminifera and grain size show that a 71.2m long columnar core DLC70 3 from the northern South Yellow Sea(36°38′15″N, 123°32′56″E,water depth 72.00m) has preserved the sedimentary record since 130 ka BP. Combined with the lithologic and grain size changes,nine benthic associations were identified by distributions of abundance and dominant species of benthic foraminifera from a total 349 sediments samples,corresponding respectively to five marine and four terrestrial—transitional face layers;based on the AMS14C and OSL dating data,a chronolithologic framework since MIS5 in the late Pleistocene for the core were set up,which can be compared with other South Yellow Sea cores.These benthic associations and abundance variations of different characteristic species demonstrate paleo environmental change since the last interglacial period in the study area,it was concluded that frequent sea level fluctuations produced a succession of facies types from terrestrial,intertidal,coastal to shallow marine.Buccella frigida and Protelphidium tuberculatum are dominant in the layers of 2040~2780 cm(early MIS3) and 5500~7120 cm (MIS5e) of the core,which represent a cold bottom water environment of the South Yellow Sea Cold Vortex at the marginal zone similar to present,indicating the existence of paleo cold water mass during the high sea level periods of MIS5e and early MIS3.

Abstract:Atmospheric CO2 concentration is closely related to the climatic change of the Earth greenhouse. A stomatal parameter of fossil plants has been proved as an effective biological indicator of reconstructing paleo CO2. Well preserved fossil specimens of Baiera furcata were collected from the Lower Jurassic Daxigou Formation of the Agan Town, the Middle Jurassic Yaojie Formation of the Lanzhou City, Gansu Province and the Lower Cretaceous Huolinhe Formation of the Huolinhe Basin, Inner Mongolia. The epidermal characteristics of the present specimens were analyzed, and the stomatal parameters were calculated. According to the stomatal parameters of Baiera furcata and the nearest living relative specie Ginkgo biloba, the paleo CO2 of the late Early Jurassic, the early and middle Middle Jurassic and the early Early Crecateous were quantitatively reconstructed at about (1263±71)×10-6、(1388±24)×10-6、(1599±31)×10-6 and (1899±198)×10-6. This result coincides with the CO2 curve of global carbon balance model (GEOCARB I—Ⅲ), which indicates that B. furcata is a good biological indicator for reconstructing the paleo CO2. Combining with the result of the Mesozoic paleo CO2 values obtained by other terrestrial plants, it is found that all the estimated values are lower than the values of GEOCARB I—Ⅲ. It can be deduced that the terrestrial atmospheric CO2 concentration was lower than the marine CO2 level in the Mesozoic. In addition, stomatal cluster can be found on the lower epidermis of B. furcata, which was the result of adaption to the environment.

Abstract:Based on the method of paleo plate reconstruction, we reconstruct the tectonic framework and the assembly process of Pangea by collecting and selecting the paleomagnetic data of global plates in Late Paleozoic. The moving path of various plates and blocks shows that the global plates converged to form Pangea with clockwise rotation as a whole. By analyzing the kinematic characteristics of single plate and the relative motion between different plates, we conclude that there was at least four patterns of collision during the assembly of Pangea: (1) Rear Ending Collision: if different plates move towards the same direction with different velocities, and the hinder plate moves faster than the plate in front，the so called Rear Ending Collision may occur, such as the closing of Rheic ocean (Hercynian orogenic belt), and Soren ocean (Soren mountain orogenic belt). (2) Lateral Collision: if the moving path of two plates intersect with a large angle, the so called Lateral Collision may occur，such as the collision between Baltica and Siberian, which caused the closure of Ural Ocean. (3) Rubing Collision: two plates with the same moving direction or opposite moving directions rubbing with each other is the so called Rubing Collision. For example, Tarim and North China moved towards opposite directions, which resulted in the collision in the lateral side.The ocean basin with ambiguous properties and strike slip fault system are the characteristics of Rubing Collision. (4) Congestion Collision:various large plates and small terranes converge with wide arc accretion and residual oceans is the so called Congestion Collision, such as the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.

Abstract:The Early Cretaceous flysch found in the Lingshan Island, Shandong Province, was formed in a remnant ocean basin. There are abundant slump deposit beds found in this flysch, indicating frequent strong earthquake events happened in the Early Cretaceous. There are different soft sediment deformation structures found in the slump beds, such as slump folds, sole casts, X type conjugate thrust faults, synsedimentary boudinages, sand blocks and balls, mini hosts and grabens, imbricate reverse folds etc. Different types of soft sediment deformation structures show their different deformation stages compared to the slump deposition events. Taking the slump deposit outcrop section nearby the shipyard as an example, we have analyzed the mechanism of the soft sediment deformation structures, and classified these structures into three groups according to their formation period: the structures developed before slump, during the slump and after the slump. Some of the soft sediment deformation structures formed during the slump event can be used to identify the slump direction, whereas the structures developed before the slump, due to the long distance transportation of slump beds, cannot be used as the indicators of slump direction.

Abstract:The Funiu tectonic belt contains many shear zones in which syntectonic quartz veins are well developed. Mineral component of veins are mainly quartz and there are many fluid inclusions and gas liquid inclusion inclusions in them. The composition of inclusions is characteristic by medium to high salinity, low CO2, low δ18O~δD and a small amount of organic matter and with homogenization temperature of 170.6 ~ 337.8 ℃ and pressure of 0.27~0.87 GPa calculated by muscovite geobarometer. The result shows the metamorphic fluid component and isotopes are inherited from original rocks formed in submarine volcanic eruptions environment. The metamorphism of the Funiushan tectonic belt belongs to greenschist facies and the high pressure suggests the tectonic setting is a subduction zone. The characters of fluid inclusions reflected the Kuanping rock block and the Erlangping rock block subducted beneath the North China Plate in turn and generated strong deformation and weak metamorphism.

Abstract:Mesozoic volcanic rock areas of Da Hinggan Mountains have been covered by plants, and its contact relationship of the stratigraphic units was unknown with less of paleontological chronology material, which makes it very hard to determine the ownership and forming times of geological units. Traditionally, we classify the stratigraphic units of this area by contrasting rocks combination and often give different names for the same mapping unit because of limited cognition. In this article, we firstly introduced the evolution history of Mesozoic volcanic stratigraphic units contrasts of Da Hinggan Mountains, secondly compared the stratigraphic units and set based on stratigraphic column which was put forward by Zhang Lidong in the Mesozoic volcanic stratigraphic units discussion meeting which was called by the geological survey of China in the city Chengde. According to the theory of bi model volcanic origin and evolution and the latest chronology measurement means, such as U Pb、Ar Ar and others, we put forward new stratigraphic column and divided it into three stages of early, middle and late, which complied with the naming rule of stratigraphy priority.

Abstract:Mixed rock is a typical product of mixing deposits, but the research of mixed rock are in low degree. Located in the southern slope of Zhanhua Sag, Jiyang Depression, western Luojia—Shaojia area widely developed lacustrine mixed rocks throughout the Second Member of Shahejie Formation (Es2). This paper studied the mixed sedimentation in this area based on regional geological data, well logging data, observation of wells cores, indoor sample analysis. The results show that there are various types of mixed rocks in this area, which can be classified into two categories and four kinds. From bottom to top, the amount of mixed rocks increased gradually, and its range also expanded gradually. Mixing deposits with gradual changed facies——edge and mixing deposits caused by mutated events are the major genesis of the formation of mixed rocks, while some other genetic types also exist, such as autochthonous mixing deposits. Different types of mixing deposits usually overlap each other, and interlace frequently. In the study area, mixed rocks developed in lacstrine shoreland with input from two large provenances, and can be further classified into the following kinds: mud flat microfacies of mixing deposits, organic bank microfacies of mixing deposits, granular bank microfacies of mixing deposits, sandstone bar microfacies of mixing deposits, and so on. There are marked differences between mixed rocks formed in different environments in terms of their fabrics, types and vertical sequences. The development of the mixed rocks is mainly controlled by supplies from provenance and complicated hydrodynamic conditions, and secondly controlled by factors like structural settings and lake level changes, etc.

Abstract:There are no efforts have been made for the classification of internal wave and internal tide deposits for more than twenty years since they were discovered in the geological records. Here we try to propose a classification of internal wave and internal tide deposits based on the types which were already discovered in sedimentary rocks as well as the breaking processes of internal waves and its development research in physical oceanography. There are nine types through three orders, which include barotropic internal tide deposits, baroclinic internal tide deposits, barotropic short period internal wave deposits, baroclinic short period internal wave deposits, contour currents interaction internal wave deposits, low density turbidity currents interaction internal wave deposits, long period internal wave interaction deposits, standing internal wave deposits and other internal wave interaction deposits. The discovering internal wave and internal tide deposits in geological records are attributed into barotropic internal tide deposits, barotropic short period internal wave deposits and long period internal wave interaction deposits. And the other six types are still unrecognized. The classification proposed here perhaps give a reason for the phenomena that internal waves occur nearly ubiquitously in oceans yet their sedimentary records remain largely unrecognized. Furthermore, this classification is help for connecting the deposits of internal waves not only with its research in physical oceanography, but also with the oceanic unexpected events, ocean circulation and astronomical period in geological history.

Abstract:In this paper, the relationship of geological disasters triggered factors response to climate change in different temporal scales were been studied. The cluster developments of geological disasters are consistent with the climate change and their warm and humid and heavy rainfall periods. And conclusions are followed: ① There were five phases of centralized development of ancient landslides and old landslides since Late Pleistocene in NE Xizang(Tibet) Plateau, they were 53～49ka BP, 33～24 ka BP,10～8 ka BP, 5～3.5 ka BP and present, their mainly developmental periods were climate change transition and highly warm wet periods. ② The high incidence of geological disasters response to the strong period of the Asian summer monsoon in centennial scales, and 1300～1330 AD and 1820～1850 AD were high prone development of geological disasters that correspond to the Medieval Warm Period and the late 19th century monsoon stronger period. ③ The cluster development of geological disasters in China response to an average annual rainfall in decade scales, and the number of geological disasters are increasing when the higher average annual rainfall years. ④ The number of geological disasters are good consistent with accumulated extreme rainfall on inter annual scales. Extreme climate events was the key factors that induced by the heavy rainfall or continuous precipitation, which caused the collapses and landslides and reflected the constraints of the relationship between climate change and geological disasters. ⑤ Collapses, landslides, debris flows and other sudden geological disasters are mainly concentrated in the annual rainy season in China on monthly scales.

Abstract:This study presents bulk geochemical, Zircon U Pb dating and Sr—Nd—Pb—Hf isotopic results for the Donghouding A type granite in northern Hebei. LA MC ICP MS zircon U Pb dating results and petrological characteristics show that the Donghouding magmatic rock is the Early Cretaceous (129.3~129.5Ma) K feldspar granite porphyry, not Jurassic—Cretaceous syenite porphyry and quartz syenite porphyry regarded by the former researchers. The Donghouding K feldspar granite porphyry is High K calc alkaline, and characterized by high contents of SiO2(72.15%~73.00%), alkali (Na2O+K2O:9.42%~9.60%), and high FeO/MgO ratios. It is enriched in LREE and K, Rb, Zr, Hf, Th, U, Y, and depleted in Ca, Ba, Sr, P, Ti, Cr, Ni, Co, with negative Eu anomalies(δEu：0.25~0.41), high Ga/Al ratios. The Donghouding K feldspar granite porphyry is typical A type granite, and may be formed in the extensional setting. The isotope (Sr—Nd— Pb—Hf) data of the Donghouding K feldspar granite porphyry show the following characteristics: relatively high initial Sr n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)i=0.70815~0.71197) , negative εNd(t) values (-13.2~-16.8) and the values of two stage model ages (T2DM) ranging from 2.0 to 2.3 Ga; n(206Pb)/n(204Pb)i=16.745~16.765, n(207Pb)/n(204Pb)i=15.372~15.394,n(208Pb)/n(204Pb)i =37.706~37.794; negative εHf(t) values from -20.7 to -9.2 and the values of two stage model ages(TDMC) ranging from 1.9 to 2.6Ga. Although the Sr—Nd—Pb—Hf isotopic compositions suggest that the magma was sourced from Paleoproterozoic crust, the main growth period of eastern North China Craton crust is the Late Archean. Therefore, this paper concludes that the Donghouding K feldspar granite porphyry was mainly derived from partial melting of Archean crust with some depleted mantle components. Geochronological and isotopic characteristics suggest that the Donghouding K feldspar granite porphyry were the products of North China Craton lithospheric thinning and crustal extension during late Mesozoic.

Abstract:A suit of metamorphic rock series are largely outcropped in Geyading—Maoding area, Jinsha Suture, northwestern Yunnan Province. The rocks include quartzite, sericite—quartz schist,amphibolites, mica schist and marbles. The depositional age of the metamorphic rock series has long been debated. In this paper, sericite—quartz schist and quartzite are measured by the LA MC ICP MS method. The dating of zircons shows that the detrital zircon ages of sericite—quartz have a youngest age of about 205 Ma, a dominant peak at 231 Ma, two subordinate peaks at 214 Ma and 255 Ma, and some lesser peaks at 420 Ma, 502 Ma, 873 Ma, 1.94 Ga and 2.46 Ga; the detrital zircon ages of quartzite have a youngest age of about 332 Ma, a dominant peak at 361 Ma, a subordinate peak at 422 Ma, and the other lesser peaks at 1.40 Ga, 1.56 Ga, 1.72 Ga. These dating results above suggest the protolith of sericite—quartz schist was deposited in the Late Triassic (later than 205 Ma), and the protolith of quartzite was deposited in the Early Carboniferous (later than 332 Ma), which indicate the formation age of the metamorphic rock basement in Geyading—Maoding area, Jinsha Suture, shouldn't be thought to be Proterozoic in age. Besides, the data of detrital zircon population suggest that the provenance of the metamorphic rock series was mainly derived from the Yangtz Block materials.

Abstract:The barite deposits hosted in Early Cambrian black shales in South China is one of the representative world famous sediment hosted stratiform deposits. This paper reports the discovery of zoned hyalophane for the first time, based on a case study in the Dahebian barite deposits, Tianzhu county, South China. Analytical results of electron microprobe analysis show that outer BaO content is 1653% to 1786% and K2O content is 777% to 819%, while BaO content is 1204% to 1421% and K2O content is from 860% to 979% in the core. Combined with the geological setting and previous research results, we addressed geological implications of this discovery. It supports the impact of hydrothermal liquid in the formation of the barite deposit. Multiple stages of barium rich fluid participated in the barite formation, and the mineralization was fault controlled, episodic and progressive. This not only further implies the hydrothermal sedimentary genesis of the deposit, but also betters the understanding of mineralization process. These results may have general implications to the other studies worldwide, as the Dahebian deposit is the biggest in volume of such deposits in the world.

Abstract:Amuguleng granite is located at the north of East Ujimqin Banner（Dong Ujimqin Qi） Administration Center in Inner Mongolia. Geological investigation indicates that the granite composing of 2 intrusive rocks: gray yellow medium—fine, medium—coarse grained adamellite containing huge phenocryst and gray white fine adamellite. Zircon U Pb age of the granite dated as 314.2±2.2Ma and 167.1±1.3Ma, suggesting that they were products of magmatic evolution during Late Carboniferous and Middle Late Jurassic respectively. Accessory minerals of both the two granites are rich in magnetite, monazite, and sphene, and there is fluorite in the Mid-Late Jurassic granite. Compositon of the rocks indicates that these two kinds of granites have similar geochemical characteristics: major element are characterized by enrichment of Si, higher DI and NK/A , Fe2O/FeO ratios. The race element spider diagram indicates that granites are relatively rich in Rb, Th, U,Pb, slightly enriched in the light rare earth elements La,Ce, and depleted in high field strength elements such as Nb, Ba and Sr, Ti; While the distribution model of REE is right oblique, which is relatively LREE enriched and HREE depleted, and the HREE curve is flat. Based on the results, these two kinds of granites are attributed to high differentiated metaluminous—weakly peraluminous high K calc alkaline series, which are the typical I type granites. The source materials might come from younger crustal felsic rocks with high K and normal water content, And the source material of felsic continental rocks of late Carboniferous granite unit is mixed with mantle derived basaltic components. The Middle Late Jurassic granitic magma maybe originated from the remelting or the partial remelting of Late Carboniferous granite, at least, it has similar magma source with that of the Late Carboniferous granite. The Late Carboniferous granite unit was formed in compression setting at the late syn collision stage of Central Asian Orogeny. The Middle Late Jurassic granite unit was formed in the extension environment setting, while the geotectonic background was changing from Mongolia—Ochotsk ocean system into the Paleo pacific tectonic dynamic systems.

Abstract:The carbonate rocks are widely distributed, whose thermal evolution is generally high and organic matter abundance are lower in China. Whether or not they can be effective source rocks has great significance for the evaluation of hydrocarbon generation potential and exploration prospect of carbonate rocks. Many studies show that as the depth or thermal evolution degree increase, TOC of source rocks decreases, and hydrocarbon generation potential and residual amount increase and then decrease, besides the results of thermal simulation experiment, which indicate the source rocks of low organic matter abundance could can generate and expulse a great number of hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbon sources of some typical oil and gas fields are the carbonate rocks of low organic matter abundance in the world. A few factors could be considered to determine the lower limit of TOC of carbonate source rocks. The analysis suggests the lower limit of TOC of carbonate source rocks is less than 0.5% of mud rocks. The lower limit of TOC of the effective source rocks with different maturity was gained by the method of hydrocarbon generation potential and simulative calculation based on material balance principle according to the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold. Referring to the study results of predecessors and exploration practice, The lower limit of TOC of the effective carbonate source rocks with low maturity, maturity and high—over maturity stages respectively are TOC≥1.4%, TOC=0.1%~1.4% and TOC＜0.1%.

Abstract:Landslide inventory is the essential part of regional earthquake triggered landslide studies. In recent years, studies about landslide inventory related with single seismic event are common. However, area and volume error analysis of inventory of landslides triggered by earthquake is still lack. In this paper, a remote sensing image resolution based error analysis method of inventory of landslides triggered by earthquake was proposed. Error analysis of inventory of 2036 landslides triggered by the April 14, 2010 Mw 69 Yushu earthquake, inventory of 30828 landslides triggered by the January 12, 2010 Mw 70 Haiti earthquake, and inventory of 197481 landslides triggered by the May 12, 2008 Mw 79 Wenchuan earthquake were carried out respectively. The results show that area of the Yushu earthquake triggered landslides is 1191 km2, of range from 1153 km2 to 1229 km2, which is error range from 9681% to 10319%; these landslides in a total volume of 2012×106m3, of range from 1947×106m3 to 2078×106m3, in other words, error range from 9677% to 10328%. Area of the Haiti earthquake triggered landslides is 15743 km2, of range from 15118 km2 to 16368 km2, which is error range from 9603% to 10397%; these landslides in a total volume of 29698×106m3, of range from 28594×106m3 to 30821×106m3, in other words, error range from 9628% to 10378%. Area of the Wenchuan earthquake triggered landslides is 1160025 km2, of range from 1072258 km2 to 1248424 km2, which is error range from 9243% to 10762%; these landslides in a total volume of 4693159×106m3, of range from 4372957×106m3 to 5033739×106m3, in other words, error range from 9318% to 10726%. The relation between resolution of the remote sensing and landslide inventory error show that the remote sensing resolution affects on landslide inventory error significantly. Also, the correlation of earthquake landslide frequency distribution and landslide inventory error show that there was a significant effect on landslide inventory error for earthquake landslide frequency distribution. This method of earthquake triggered landslide inventory error analysis can be applied to other more regional earthquake triggered landslides events.

Abstract:NW trending faults are important basin controlled fault in the Jiyang Depression， which generated earlier and have an crucially impact on post construction. In this paper，based on the detailed interpretation of 3D seismic data of Zhuangxi Buried Hill in the Jiyang Depression，a new NW trending fault was identified and named for ancient Zhuangxi Fault. This fault reconstruction of processes and styles，as well as the influence on the formation of the Zhuangxi Buried Hill，were analyzed. The results show that the ancient Zhuangxi Fault experienced thrust movement during Indosinian Period， negative inversion in the middle stage of Yanshanian，positive inversion in the late Yanshanian， again negative inversion in the Himalayan， eventually ancient Zhuangxi Fault was divided into five independent faults. Ancient Zhuangxi Fault had three kinds of remolding styles ：direct inversion， inversion by strain hardening zone and cutting off by strike slip fault. The long time activities of Ancient Zhuangxi Fault controlled the formation of NW trending Zhuangxi Buried Hill and en echelon NS trending hills internally.

Abstract:The carbonate olistostromes found in the Upper Member of the Halahuogete Formation in the Bayan Obo Group were recognized in the field to the northwest of Bayan Obo Deposit, Inner Mongolia. We focus on the research of the two olistostrome outcrops in the field belong to the same horizon. The lithology of the entire olistostrome is monomictic, with chaotic internal structures, without showing the original sedimentary beddings. According to the data collecting in the field and thin sections, there are two major rock types: the dark gray laminated carbonaceous micrite, which represents the autochthonous deposition, and sallow dolostone olistolith. There are a lot of sallow dolostone blocks with different shapes and sizes distributed in the dark gray laminated carbonaceous micrite. The largest lenticular dolostone slump block is 27m in length, and 5.8m in width. The attitude of the dark gray laminated carbonaceous micrite layers is basically stable, north dipping with steep angle. We have recognized some soft sediment deformation structures from the outcrop near the contact interface of the autochthonous limestone and the olistostrome. The dolostone slump blocks do not show the sharp corners, and both ends of the large olistolith are obviously necking, indicating a soft or semi solidified state during transportation and deposition. The olistoliths in different autochthonous sedimentary beds reveal at least several slump events in this outcrop. We believe that the olistostrome should be deposited at the bottom of a hemipelagic pelagic ocean basin adjacent to the margin of carbonate platform where the dolostone was formed first in the shallow water and then cut and moved away by slumps. Seismic activities may be the major trigger factor. In addition, the olistostromes discovered in Bayan Obo Group suggest that when Bayan Obo Group and Sailinhudong Group deposited, they had similar tectonic environment and paleogeography, It provides new evidence that Bayan Obo Group is equal to Sailinhudong Group(both early Paleozoic).

Abstract:Oblique thrusting is widespread in nature and it is important to analyze the structural geometry of oblique thrust fault related fold and identify whether oblique thrusting exists or not. The pseudo 3D models of fault bend fold and fault propagation fold with different slip directions are constructed by linking a series of 2D forward cross sections which are built by Trishear4.5, Gocad and Trishear3D programs to discuss the structural geometry of oblique thrust fault related folds. The results indicate that there are two main distinctions between oblique thrust fault related folds and dip thrust fault related folds. One distinction is that the line linking peak point and midpoint of back limb in the contour map or the line linking core point and midpoint of back limb in the horizontal slice of dip thrust fault related folds is perpendicular to fault strike while the similar line is not perpendicular to fault strike in oblique thrust fault related folds and the line is parallel to slip vector. The other distinction is that the line connecting every peak point of all bedding planes on the cross sections parallel to fault strike is vertical in dip thrust fault related folds while the line would be oblique to horizontal plane if oblique thrusting exists. The two distinctions can be used to identify whether oblique thrusting exists or not and estimate the slip directions of fault related folds. Qiongxi and Daxingxi anticline covered by 3D seismic data in the southwest of Sichuan basin are chosen as two examples for the research. This research indicates that oblique thrusting exists in two anticlines and the intersection angles between slip direction and fault strike are both about 70°. The slip vectors of Qiongxi anticline and Daxingxi anticline are about NE79°and NE77°respectively, which is consistent with the stress field of Longmen Shan since the late Pliocene and the most compressive stress direction inferred from coseismic slip of the Wenchuan earthquake.

Abstract:The Huaining basin is one of the many Mesozoic volcanic basins in the Middle—Lower Yangtze Valley, where from the bottom to up the volcanic rocks of the Pengjiakou and the Jiangzhen Formations distributed. The rock types are dominantly trachyte tufflava, trachyandesite and rhyolite. SiO2 contents of samples from the Pengjiakou Formation are 61.56% and 70.61%, respectively and that from the Jiangzhen Formation are from 61.91% to 63.77%. All the samples are shoshonite serials with the samples of the Pengjiakou Formation being more potassium enrichment. Zircon LA ICPMS U Pb isotopic dating on the volcanic rocks from the Pengjiakou and Jiangzhen Formations gives weighted mean 206Pb/235U ages of 130.0±1.7 Ma (MSWD=0.73) and 130.5±1.7 Ma (MSWD=0.78), respectively, which indicates they erupted in the Early Cretaceous within a briefly active duration. The ages of volcanic rocks in the Huaining basin are consistent with that of other basins distributed in the Middle—Lower Yangtze Valley, suggesting that erupted ages of the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Middle—Lower Yangtze Valley concentrated in a period of 135 to 127 Ma and the volcanic rocks were derived from partial melting of lithospheric mantle under a intense extended setting.

Abstract:The 781 uranium ore spot in Luotuoshan area of Baochang volcanic basin, is located in the western part of the Yanshan—Liaoning tectonic region and is one of the most important ore deposit areas which are recently found in the Yanshan—Liaoning uranium ore deposit belt. Based on an integrated study of the data of the seventy three drill cores, topography, strata and sections in the 781 uranium ore spot and with the application of the Surpac 3D software, three dimensinal model was constructed, visually displaying the distributing characteristics of the topography, strata, tectonic and orebodies. The results of the three dimensional model indicate that the buried Fa fault is the most relevant ore transmitting and ore controlling structures, and the Upper Jurassic Manitu Formation is important ore hosted strata and uranium source beds. The factors of ore controlling structures, the distributing characteristics of the orebodies, the law of ore bearing and the application of the Surpac 3D software lead to location prediction that Ⅰand Ⅱ areas are the prospecting target areas which have the exact three dimensional coordinate and play an important role for the deep mineral prospecting.

Abstract:Study on hydrochemistry variation and carbon sequestration of subaquatic vegetations in karst rivers/lakes is very important for better understanding of biogeochemical processes involved in karstification, i.e. the short time scale properties it may has. Using data from high resolution monitoring data loggers and high frequency water samples, the authors analyzed the chemical daily variations in a karst lake of Huixin wetland, Guilin, as well as the impact of different subaquatic vegetations. The values of water temperature, pH, dissolution oxygen, inorganic carbon isotope show a synchronous increase during the day time, while concentrations of Ca2+ and HCO-3, values of specific conductivity decrease mainly controlled by factors of air temperature, photosynthesis and respiration. The diel amplitudes of hydrochemical parameters in submerged plant area are much higher than that in emerged plant area, the values for water temperature, pH, Ca2+, HCO-3, dissolution oxygen, inorganic carbon isotope in emerged plant area are 4.42 °C、0.65、18 mg/L、0.8 mmol/L、14.02 mg/L、-2.27‰(δ13CV PDB) respectively，and those values rise to 6.32 °C、1.43、24 mg/L、1.5 mmol/L、23.86 mg/L、-5.03‰(δ13CV PDB) respectively, reflecting higher calcium precipitation rate and carbon sequestration efficiency occurred in submerged plant area. The results could provide scientific basis for understanding karst wetland aquatic system better and carbon sink estimation caused by aquatic vegetation photosynthesis.

Abstract:A survey method of the cross hole seismic CT technology was introduced to karst exploration in a section of metro line 4,Nanjing City. A Matlab program was compiled to realize the function of velocity tomography between two boreholes through solving the least squares solution of the linear sparse matrix equation, generating 3D grid and wave velocity contour map. The position and size of karst caves along with whether or not filled were determined according to the range of low velocity zone and seismic waveform characteristics. The result of checkerboard resolution test directly shows that the major characteristics of CT image are reliable. Through interpreted results were consistent with the drilling data and ground penetrating radar (GPR) image. Thus, this geophysical method had a high reliability on detecting karst caves. And advance forecast on karst developing status could be finally achieved.

Abstract:Based on the data of DST and FMT, the distribution and evolution characteristics of overpressure in Northern Liaozhong subdepression are analyzed by applying interval transit time and numerical simulation method. It is suggested that overpressure is extensively developed in the basin. The reservoir overpressure which the max pressure coefficient is 1.93, is mainly developed in Paleogene formation and buried hill formation. The undercompaction is extensively developed in Lower Dongerxia Formation and the calculated pressure coefficient can reach 1.9 and more. Compaction disequilibrium resulted of high sedimentary rate and hydrocarbon generation are main factors for the development and evolution of overpressure in shale intervals, while the main mechanism of reservoir overpressure is the migration and charging of the overpressure fluids from source rock in the centre of subdepression. Overpressure developed since the Shahejie Formation deposits and increased gradually until the end of Dongying Stage, then decreased. From Mingxia Formation deposits, overpressure increased once more and reached the maximum now. This paper studied the characteristics of fluid inclusions and geothermal with pressure in reservoirs, the history of hydrocarbon generation and maturity of oil and gas, the physical properties of petroleum. It is suggested that the process of petroleum accumulation is episodic and late rapid. The migration of petroleum along the faults is limited as the development and activities of faults is weak. Hydraulic fracture caused by overpressure developed in source rock is the major conduit for episodic hydrocarbon expulsion; meanwhile, overpressure is a favorable power for long lateral hydrocarbon migration. It is suggested that overpressure dominated controlled episodic and late rapid petroleum accumulation.