In order to systematically sort out the process of acoustic logging interpretation and evaluation and expand its application field and scope, this paper reviews the development history of acoustic logging instrument acquisition series, and summarizes the differences of acoustic properties detected by different instruments. Acoustic logging can be used for calculating porosity logging calculation, evaluating permeability and identifying the layers with abundant hydrocarbon. Acoustic logging can also be used to evaluate the brittleness index of unconventional reservoir by calculating dynamic Poisson’s ratio, Young’s modulus and other parameters. According to the acoustic logging’s abnormal response to the normal compaction trend line, acoustic logging can distinguish the mechanisms of abnormal formation pressure and calculate the formation pressure quantitatively. Acoustic logging can be combined with seismic data to synthesize seismic records, and the interval transit time can be used to restore the thickness of formation denudation. The fast and slow shear wave azimuths of acoustic logging can be used to distinguish the current stress direction. The formation anisotropy coefficients can be calculated quantitatively according to the fast and slow shear wave velocity. The presence of the fracture shows the increase of interval transit time, the attenuation of acoustic energy, the appearance of “V” interference fringe in the variable density and the increase of Stoneley wave reflection coefficient in acoustic logging. The source rock has a high interval transit time, and the TOC content can be calculated quantitatively by combining with resistivity logging. Acoustic logging supports safe drilling design by calculating formation pressure, rupture pressure and collapse pressure. It can also be used to evaluate fracturing performance and the check of cementing quality based on the relative strength of the casing wave and the formation wave. The research has certain guiding significance for expanding the application field of acoustic logging.