Geological culture villages (or towns) are important windows for science and technology to popularize geological culture, as well as carriers for developing villages and towns. The study of their spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors is of great significance to the further evaluation and sustainable development of geological culture villages (or towns) in China. the spatial distribution characteristics of 50 geological culture villages (or towns) in China and their influencing factors are studied by using the methods of the nearest neighbor index, geographic concentration index, kernel density analysis method and geographic detector, etc. The study shows that: (1) the spatial distribution of geological culture villages (or towns) in China presents a random situation; the regional distribution shows the unbalanced trend of "more in the east and less in the west". (2) The spatial distribution density of geological culture villages (or towns) has a significant spatial difference, with the Yangtze River Delta region as the core area of high density, the northern coastal region and the eastern region of China are the sub-high density concentration areas, and there is an extended belt running through "Shanxi-Henan-Hubei-Hunan"; (3) The factors affecting the spatial distribution pattern of geological culture villages (or towns) are composed of three primary indicators: characteristic geological resources, natural conditions, and socio-economic and human resources, among which natural conditions and socio-economic and human resources have the greatest influence on the spatial distribution of geological culture villages (or towns) and have significant effects. In the process of evaluating and constructing geological culture villages (or towns) in the future, we should strengthen the survey of geological relics in each provincial regions to optimize the spatial layout of geological culture villages (or towns); speed up the evaluation of geological culture villages (or towns) in the central and western regions to drive the economic development of less developed regions; increase the investment of funds in the central and western regions and give policy inclination to promote the coordinated development of geological culture villages (or towns) in the country.