The Little Ice Age (LIA) is one of the most distinct events of global climate change in the past millennium. There are many comparative studies on the climate change between monsoon- and westerly- dominated regions in China during the LIA, but there is a lack of research on the spatiotemporal differences of climate change in southern China. It makes difficulty to understand the regularity of precipitation changes in southern China during the LIA. In order to comprehensively and systematically understand the complexity of regional precipitation in southern China during the LIA, we divide southern China into three regions, namely the coastal region of southeast—south China, the central region and the southwest region. A total of 19 high- resolution paleoclimate records are selected for comparative study, mainly including the following points:①Compared to the Medieval Warm Period, the coastal region of southeast—south China mainly shows a “cold—wet” pattern over the LIA, which may be related to the prolonged residence time of rain belt in southern China and the enhanced influence of typhoon on coastal region.②Over the mid—late LIA, the south flank of the Qinling Mountains and the alpine forest region of Shennongjia mainly showed a “cold—wet” pattern, of which the difference is that the southern flank of the Qinling Mountains was wet over the mid—late LIA. However, other areas in Central region were characterized by a “cold—dry” pattern. Such regional differences may be caused by the complexity of topography and atmospheric circulation.③Affected by Indian summer monsoon, East Asian summer monsoon and complex terrain, the climate change in southwest China experienced discrepancy during the LIA, without presenting a relatively consistent and typical climate pattern. Different from the precipitation changes during the LIA, the precipitation changes in the coastal region of southeast—south China decreased significantly in the past 30 years, except for the Taiwan and Leizhou peninsula, which may be affected by factors such as temperature and human activities. Based on the high- resolution paleoclimate records, we systematically analyzed the spatial and temporal differences of the Drought/Wet patterns and their possible influencing factors of the LIA in southern China. It is of great significance to understand the complexity of precipitation in different regions of southern China during the LIA, contributing to prevent and control the drought/flood disasters in the future as well.