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作者简介:

宁树正,男,1977年生,博士,正髙级工程师,主要从事煤地质与煤系矿产资源研究工作;E-mail: nsz0321@126.com。

通讯作者:

张莉,女,1988年生,博士,高级工程师,主要从事煤系矿产资源和地球化学研究工作;E-mail: nov_1129@126.com。

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目录contents

    摘要

    富油煤作为一种具有特殊用途的煤炭资源,因其高焦油产率而在煤炭深加工产业中具有重要地位。笔者等通过对中国富油煤资源的系统梳理,深入探讨了中国富油煤资源的分布特征及其开发利用潜力。将其划分为晋陕蒙(西)宁、冀鲁皖、新疆北、内蒙古东、甘青和滇东6个富油煤区,并详细分析了各区域的地理分布、地质特征、煤层发育情况以及焦油产率等关键信息。在富油煤的开发利用前景方面,我国富油煤资源潜力巨大,其开发利用对于缓解我国油气资源对外依存度、推动煤炭产业转型升级具有重大战略意义。随着煤炭深加工产业的升级和碳中和目标的提出,富油煤的分质分级利用成为煤炭转型发展的重要途径。在富油煤的利用技术上,地面和地下利用技术均有较好的发展前景。未来,应继续加强富油煤资源的勘探和开发力度,同时推动富油煤分质分级利用技术的攻关和实践探索。通过技术创新和产业升级,实现富油煤资源的高效、清洁、低碳开发利用,为我国的能源安全和可持续发展做出重要贡献。

    Abstract

    As a coal resource with special purposes, oil-rich coal has an important position in the coal deep processing industry because of its high tar yield. Through the systematic review of China’s oil-rich coal resources, the distribution characteristics of China’s oil-rich coal resources and their development and utilization potential are deeply discussed. It is divided into six oil-rich coal areas: Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ning Xia, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Ganqing and Yunnan, and the key information such as geographical distribution, geological characteristics, coal seam development and tar yield of each region are analyzed in detail. In terms of the prospect of the development and utilization of oil-rich coal, China’s oil-rich coal resources have great potential, and their development and utilization are of great strategic significance for alleviating China’s dependence on foreign oil and gas resources and promoting the transformation and upgrading of the coal industry. With the upgrading of the coal deep processing industry and the proposal of carbon neutrality goal, the quality and grading utilization of oil-rich coal has become an important way for coal transformation and development. In terms of the utilization technology of oil-rich coal, both surface and underground utilization technologies have good development prospects. In the future, we should continue to strengthen the exploration and development of oil-rich coal resources, and at the same time promote the research and practical exploration of oil-rich coal quality and grading utilization technology. Through technological innovation and industrial upgrading, we will realize the efficient, clean and low-carbon development and utilization of oil-rich coal resources, and make important contributions to China’s energy security and sustainable development.

  • 煤炭不仅是重要的燃料,同时也是重要的原料矿产,部分煤炭资源由于具有特殊的成因、成分或物质组成,而具有特殊的用途,称之为特殊煤,富油煤就是一种具有特殊用途的煤炭资源(宁树正等,2019)。《矿产资源工业要求手册(2014修订版)》中根据焦油产率对煤炭分为高油煤(Tar,d>12%)、富油煤(Tar,d>7%~12%)和含油煤(Tar,d≤7%)(李聪聪等,2020;张军民,刘弓,2010),目前习惯将Tar,d>7%的煤统称为富油煤。随着煤炭深加工产业升级,富油煤的开发利用逐渐被重视。在碳中和背景下加强对富油煤的分质分级利用,是煤炭转型发展的重要途径之一(康红普等,2019;王双明等,2021任世华等,2021;谢和平等,2025)。与此同时,我国油气资源对外依存度分别高达72%和43%,可通过富油煤的热解实现对油气资源的补充,具有重大的战略意义(谢和平等,2021王双明等,2022a)。

  • 针对我国富油煤资源分布及应用评价研究程度较低,本文在前人研究基础上(曹代勇等,2016孙晔伟等,2017张宁等,2021),系统总结我国富油煤资源分布规律,提出富油煤资源区划,探讨富油煤资源开发利用前景,对富油煤资源开发提供一定的理论依据及综合利用相关指导。

  • 1 中国富油煤资源分布

  • 根据焦油产率含量,结合煤炭资源分布特征,可将中国富油煤资源划分为晋陕蒙(西)宁富油煤区、冀鲁皖富油煤区、新疆北富油煤区、内蒙古东富油煤区、甘青富油煤区和滇东富油煤区6个区域(图1)。

  • 1.1 晋陕蒙(西)宁富油煤区

  • 晋陕蒙(西)宁区的富油煤分布在晋、陕北、陇东、宁、内蒙古西的含煤区域,主要发育在石炭纪—二叠纪、早—中侏罗世含煤地层(表1)。山西河曲矿区白家沟煤矿富油煤主要发育在晚石炭世含煤地层中,煤类以长焰煤和气煤为主,焦油产率为6.0%~11.6%,平均为9.7%,整体为富油煤。陕西神府和榆横矿区富油煤主要发育在中侏罗世含煤地层,府谷矿区的富油煤发育在石炭—二叠纪含煤地层,3个矿区煤的煤炭平均焦油产率均超过7.0%,其中,神府矿区西王寨煤矿的煤炭平均焦油产率最大达到17.8%。宁夏马家滩矿区贺家瑶煤矿的富油煤主要发育在中侏罗世含煤地层,煤类以不黏煤为主,焦油产率为3.9%~12.0%,平均值为7.9%,整体为富油煤。内蒙古西含煤区的富油煤主要分布在呼吉尔特矿区、准格尔矿区和东胜新街矿区,煤类以褐煤、长焰煤和不黏煤为主,其中,呼吉尔特矿区门克庆煤矿的煤炭焦油产率最高达到17.5%。

  • 图1 我国富油煤资源分布示意图

  • Fig.1 Distribution map of oil-rich coal resources in China

  • 1.2 冀鲁皖富油煤区

  • 黄淮海区的富油煤主要发育在石炭—二叠纪含煤地层,赋存在冀、鲁和皖北含煤区的低中阶变质程度煤中(表2)。河北邢台矿区富油煤主要发育在石炭纪和二叠纪含煤地层中,煤类以气煤为主,煤炭焦油产率为7.8%~13.1%,平均值为11.5%,整体为富油煤。山东济宁和巨野矿区的富油煤主要发育在早二叠世含煤地层,其中,济宁矿区代庄煤矿、二井田、三井田、王楼煤矿和许厂煤矿以及巨野矿区郭屯煤矿煤炭的平均焦油产率均大于12%,达到高油煤的划分标准。安徽淮南矿区主要发育在早二叠世含煤地层,煤类以弱黏煤、50%中黏煤、气煤和三分之一焦煤为主,淮南颍凤区和张集煤矿煤炭的平均焦油产率略大于12%,属于高油煤,顾桥煤矿、刘庄煤矿、潘集二矿、潘集四井田和杨村煤矿煤炭的平均焦油产率介于7%~12%,属于富油煤。

  • 1.3 新疆北富油煤区

  • 北疆区的富油煤主要分布在新疆北含煤区的艾丁湖、伊宁、巴里坤、淖毛湖、白杨河、阜康和黑山矿区,主要含煤地层为中、下侏罗统(表3)。艾丁湖矿区的一、二和三勘查区富油煤的煤类主要为褐煤和长焰煤,煤炭平均焦油产率均大于7%,达到富油煤的划分标准,其中,二勘查区的煤炭焦油产率高达21.2%。伊宁矿区中富油煤的煤类以长焰煤和不黏煤为主,其中,苏勒依煤矿的煤炭焦油产率高达21.4%。巴里坤矿区中富油煤的煤类以长焰煤、不黏煤、气煤和气肥煤为主,黑眼泉北煤矿的煤炭焦油产率高达27.5%。淖毛湖矿区白石湖煤矿的富油煤主要发育,在早侏罗世八道湾组,煤类以长焰煤为主,煤炭焦油产率为1.5%~19.0%,平均值为10.1%。白杨河矿区富油煤的主要发育在中侏罗世西山窑组,煤类以长焰煤和不黏煤为主,煤炭焦油产率为3.4%~15.9%,平均值为8.4%。阜康矿区中黄山村、煤圈沟和天龙煤矿的富油煤的煤类以长焰煤和气煤为主,其中,煤圈沟和天龙煤矿的煤炭平均焦油产率均大于12%,属于高油煤。黑山矿区硝尔布拉克—梯匈沟煤矿富油煤发育在中侏罗世西山窑组含煤地层,煤类主要为长焰煤,煤炭焦油产率为0.4%~17.1%,平均值为9.5%。

  • 表1 晋陕蒙(西)宁富油煤资源统计表

  • Table1 Statistics of oil-rich coal resources in Shanxi, Shaanxi, western Inner Mongolia and Ningxia

  • 1.4 内蒙古东富油煤区

  • 蒙东区的富油煤主要发育在早白垩世和中侏罗世含煤地层,分布在巴其北、巴彦胡硕、胡列也吐、吉林郭勒和伊敏矿区,煤类以褐煤、长焰煤和气煤为主(表4)。巴其北矿区包尔力图勘查区、巴彦胡硕矿区巴伦诺尔二区勘查区、胡列也吐矿区东区和北区勘查区以及伊敏矿区的富油煤主要发育在早白垩世含煤地层,煤炭平均焦油产率介于7%~12%,属于富油煤。吉林郭勒矿区Ⅱ区勘查区富油煤发育在中侏罗世含煤地层,而II区露天矿的富油煤发育在早白垩世含煤地层中,两者的煤炭平均焦油产率均介于7%~12%,同样属于富油煤。

  • 1.5 甘肃—青海(简称:甘青)富油煤区

  • 甘青区的富油煤分布在甘肃的华亭、宁正和沙子井矿区和青海木里和鱼卡矿区,主要发育在中侏罗世含煤地层。华亭矿区赤城、五举煤矿的煤炭焦油产率高达16.2%。木里矿区聚乎更三井田煤炭焦油产率为2.7%~12.1%,平均值为8.6%,属于富油煤(表5)。鱼卡矿区北山煤矿富油煤的煤类以长焰煤、不黏煤、弱粘煤和气煤为主,而尕秀煤矿富油煤的煤类以长焰煤和不黏煤为主,两个煤矿煤炭的平均焦油产率相近,均超过7%,整体属于富油煤。

  • 表2 冀鲁皖富油煤资源统计表

  • Table2 Statistics of oil-rich coal resources in Hebei, Shandong and Anhui provinces

  • 表3 新疆北富油煤资源统计表

  • Table3 Statistics of oil-rich coal resources in northern Xinjiang

  • 1.6 滇东富油煤区

  • 滇东富油煤主要发育在中新世含煤地层,分布在跨竹和昭通矿区。跨竹矿区焦油产率为5.8%~9.5 %,平均值为8.3%;昭通矿区煤类以褐煤为主,煤炭焦油产率为5.9%~10.2%,平均值为8.7%。两个矿区的煤炭平均焦油产率均介于7%~12%,整体属于富油煤(表6)。

  • 表4 内蒙古东富油煤资源统计表

  • Table4 Statistics of oil-rich coal resources in eastern Inner Mongolia

  • 表5 甘青富油煤资源统计表

  • Table5 Statistics of oil-rich coal resources in Gansu and Qinghai provinces

  • 表6 滇东富油煤资源统计表

  • Table6 Statistics of oil-rich coal resources in eastern Yunnan Province

  • 2 富油煤开发利用前景

  • 2.1 富油煤开发潜力

  • 我国典型富油煤资源超过5.5×1010t(王双明等,2022b),主要分布在新疆、宁夏、甘肃、内蒙古、陕西5个省份(自治区),初步测算的资源量超过0.55×1012 t。其中,潜在油资源为5×1010 t,气资源量约为75×1012 m3马丽等,2022王双明等,2024)。现有生产工艺实践表明通过中低温热解1 t富油煤,能够生产650 kg左右的半焦、10%的煤焦油和300 m3左右的富氢气体(CH4、H2和烃类气体等)(张莉等,2021邹卓等,2022王双明等,2024)。

  • 然而,我国富油煤的油气组分并未发挥应有价值,在富油煤的开发利用方面,油气生产加工产业链尚未形成,半焦综合利用滞后(王双明等,2022b)。在我国“贫油、少气、相对富煤”的资源禀赋条件下,如果充分开发利用富油煤资源(葛世荣等,2017谢和平等,2018),将会对我国的油气资源和社会发展产生重要支撑作用。

  • 2.2 富油煤利用前景

  • 2.2.1 地面利用

  • 基于煤炭绿色开发理念(霍超等,2022张建强等,2023),富油煤地面利用包括地面热解一体化技术(王双明等,2021付德亮等,2023),微生物降解技术(王双明等,2024),“煤—热—电—油—气”产业链延伸(詹润等,2024),富油煤与生物质协同转化提油,富油煤液化制油,富油煤间接制油(李年银等,2022吴志强等,2023;Shi et al.,2023),富油煤生物—热联产转化技术、富油煤地面热解催化提油—提质分离技术等,利用富油煤产出高活性无烟清洁半焦可用作清洁燃料,也可用作高活性还原剂和环保材料。未来,在富油煤地面热解工艺中,一体化技术发展前景较好,针对热解—气化一体化、热解—提质—燃烧—发电一体化等新型综合一体化技术开展技术攻关(王双明等,2024)。

  • 2.2.2 地下利用

  • 富油煤原位热解技术因可实现“取氢固碳”的目的,具有绿色低碳开发的巨大潜力,包括井工式原位热解技术、钻孔式原位热解技术(王双明等,2021)。推动富油煤原位热解地质—工程一体化技术等新型技术向实践成果转化(Wang Zhengxu et al.,2019;秦勇等,2021;王双明等,2024)。在“取氢留碳”的基础上,可将CO2注入热解半焦层进行永久封存。借鉴国内外页岩油开发经验,发展基于风能/光伏的大功率电加热、煤层增渗导热、热解油气保温防堵输送等技术,开展西部地区富油煤原位热解工程试验(王双明等,2022b)。

  • 3 结论

  • (1)我国富油煤资源不仅储量大,而且分布广泛,主要集中在晋陕蒙(西)宁、冀鲁皖、新疆北、内蒙古东、甘青和滇东等六大核心区域。在晋陕蒙(西)宁区域,主要以长焰煤和气煤为主,部分矿区的煤炭焦油产率甚至高达17%以上;冀鲁皖区域的富油煤焦油产率稳定,部分矿区如济宁、巨野等地的煤炭焦油产率甚至达到了高油煤的标准;新疆北、内蒙古东等区域的部分矿区的煤炭焦油产率超过10%;甘青和滇东区域的富油煤虽然分布相对较为零散,但同样具有较高的焦油产率,为这些地区的煤炭资源开发利用带来了新的机遇。

  • (2)随着科技的不断进步,富油煤的开发利用技术也在不断创新和完善,正朝着更加高效、环保、可持续的方向发展。地面利用技术,如地面热解一体化技术、微生物降解技术等,能够高效利用富油煤资源,产出高价值的半焦、煤焦油和富氢气体等产品,为富油煤的深加工提供了更多可能性。地下利用技术,特别是原位热解技术,具有绿色低碳开发的巨大潜力,能够实现资源的最大化利用和环境的最小化影响,是未来富油煤开发利用的重要方向,为富油煤的深度加工和综合利用提供了更多的可能性和更广阔的发展空间。

  • (3)为了充分利用富油煤资源,我国应继续加强资源勘探和开发力度,推动技术创新和产业升级,提高资源利用效率。同时,必须注重环境保护和安全生产,严格遵守相关法律法规和标准,确保富油煤开发利用过程中的环境影响最小化。通过加强监管和执法力度,推动富油煤资源的可持续利用,实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的协调发展。富油煤资源是煤炭深加工产业中的重要原料,对于缓解我国油气资源对外依存度、推动煤炭产业转型升级具有重大战略意义。富油煤资源的有效开发利用,有望为我国能源结构的优化和可持续发展提供有力支撑。

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    • Ma Li, Wang Shuangming, Duan Zhonghui, Yang Fu, Fu Deliang, He Dan, Zhang Liwei. 2022&. Potential of oil-rich coal resources in Shaanxi Province and its new development suggestion. Coal Geology & Exploration, 50(2): 1~8.

    • Ning Shuzheng, Zhang Ning, Wu Guoqiang, Qin Yunhu. 2019&. Advances in special coal species research in China. Coal Geology of China, 31(6): 1~4.

    • Ren Shihua, Jiao Xiaomiao, Xie Yachen. 2021&. Some thoughts on the development of coal industry under the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Energy of China, 43(11): 34~40.

    • Shi Qingmin, Kou Bingyang, Wang Shuangming, Sun Qiang, Xue Weifeng, Ji Ruijun, Cai Yue. 2023. Porosity changes in thermally-treated bituminous coal during step-by-step crushing: Implications for closed pore variations with temperature. Natural Resources Research, 32(3): 1339~1358.

    • Sun Yewei, Tang Yuegang, Li Zhengyue, Wei Qiang. 2017&. Occurrence of super high volatile and tar yield coal in China. Coal Geology & Exploration, 45(5): 6~12.

    • Wang Shuangming, Bao Yuan, Hao Yonghui, Wang Shengquan, Shi Qingmin, Li Dan, Hu Yiliang. 2024&. Research on tar-rich coals: Progress and prospects. Coal Geology & Exploration, 52(4): 1~11.

    • Wang Shuangming, Shen Yanjun, Sun Qiang, Liu Lang, Shi Qingmin, Zhu Mengbo, Zhang Bo, Cui Shidong. 2022a&. Underground CO2 storage and technical problems in coal mining area under the “dual carbon” target. Journal of China Coal Society, 47(1): 45~60.

    • Wang Shuangming, Shi Qingmin, Wang Shengquan, Shen Yanjun, Sun Qiang, Cai Yue. 2021&. Resource property and exploitation concepts with green and low-carbon of tar-rich coal as coal-based oil and gas. Journal of China Coal Society, 46(5): 1365~1377.

    • Wang Shuangming, Wang Hong, Ren Shihua, Dong Shuning, Zheng Dezhi, Tan Kelong, Hou Enke, Wang Shengquan, Qu Yang, Jiao Xiaomiao. 2022b&. Potential analysis and technical conception of exploitation and utilization of tar-rich coal in western China. Strategic Study of CAE, 24(3): 49~57.

    • Wang Zhengxu, Gao Deli. 2019. A simulation study on the high-frequency electromagnetic heating heavy oil reservoir and analysis of influencing factors. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 44(12): 10547~10559.

    • Wu Zhiqiang, Yang Panxi, Guo Wei, Yu Zunyi, Wang Jing, Li Hongqiang, Li Mingjie, Wei Jinjia, Yang Bolun. 2023&. Research progress on green and low-carbon conversion technology of oil-rich coal. Journal of Green Mine, (1): 138~165.

    • Xie Heping, Ju Yang, Gao Mingzhong, Gao Feng, Liu Jianzhong, Ren Huaiwei, Ge Shirong. 2018&. Theories and technologies for in situ fluidized mining of deep underground coal resources. Journal of China Coal Society, 43(5): 1210~1219.

    • Xie Heping, Wu Lixin, Zheng Dezhi. 2019&. Prediction on the energy consumption and coal demand of China in 2025. Journal of China Coal Society, 44(7): 1949~1960.

    • Xie Heping, Ren Shihua, Xie Yachen, Jiao Xiaomiao. 2021&. Development opportunities of the coal industry towards the goal of carbon neutrality. Journal of China Coal Society, 46(7): 2197~2211.

    • Zhan Run, Zhang Wenyong, Han Feng, Sun Gui, Xu Chuangye, Liu Guijian. 2024&. Study on the occurrence regularity and development potential of Rich oil coal in Huainan coalfield. Clean Coal Technology: 1~25. (2024-07-01). https: //kns. cnki. net/kcms/detail/11. 3676. TD. 20240701. 1209. 002. html.

    • Zhang Jianqiang, Ning Shuzheng, Zhang Li, Xu Xiaotao. 2023#. Discussion on the green development of coal industry in China. Geological Review, 69(s1): 233~235.

    • Zhang Junmin, Liu Gong. 2010&. Comprehensive utilization of low-temperature coal tar. Coal Conversion, 33(3): 92~96.

    • Zhang Li, Ning Shuzheng, Shu Xinqian, Zhang Jianqiang, Zou Zhuo, Shu Yuanfeng, Huang Shaoqing, Liu Kang, Ding Lian. 2021&. Comparative analysis of coal pyrolysis tar yields from gray-king gas retort and aluminum gas retort. Coal Geology of China, 33(10): 76~78.

    • Zhang Ning, Xu Yun, Qiao Junwei, Ning Shuzheng. 2021&. Organic geochemistry of the Jurassic tar-rich coal in northern Shaanxi Province. Coal Geology & Exploration, 49(3): 42~49.

    • Zou Zhuo, Zhang Li, Sun Jie, Liu Kang, Huang Shaoqing, Ding Lian. 2022&. Study on pyrolysis technology and utilization prospect of oil-rich coal. Coal Geology of China, 34(11): 31~34.

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    • Ma Li, Wang Shuangming, Duan Zhonghui, Yang Fu, Fu Deliang, He Dan, Zhang Liwei. 2022&. Potential of oil-rich coal resources in Shaanxi Province and its new development suggestion. Coal Geology & Exploration, 50(2): 1~8.

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    • Wang Shuangming, Bao Yuan, Hao Yonghui, Wang Shengquan, Shi Qingmin, Li Dan, Hu Yiliang. 2024&. Research on tar-rich coals: Progress and prospects. Coal Geology & Exploration, 52(4): 1~11.

    • Wang Shuangming, Shen Yanjun, Sun Qiang, Liu Lang, Shi Qingmin, Zhu Mengbo, Zhang Bo, Cui Shidong. 2022a&. Underground CO2 storage and technical problems in coal mining area under the “dual carbon” target. Journal of China Coal Society, 47(1): 45~60.

    • Wang Shuangming, Shi Qingmin, Wang Shengquan, Shen Yanjun, Sun Qiang, Cai Yue. 2021&. Resource property and exploitation concepts with green and low-carbon of tar-rich coal as coal-based oil and gas. Journal of China Coal Society, 46(5): 1365~1377.

    • Wang Shuangming, Wang Hong, Ren Shihua, Dong Shuning, Zheng Dezhi, Tan Kelong, Hou Enke, Wang Shengquan, Qu Yang, Jiao Xiaomiao. 2022b&. Potential analysis and technical conception of exploitation and utilization of tar-rich coal in western China. Strategic Study of CAE, 24(3): 49~57.

    • Wang Zhengxu, Gao Deli. 2019. A simulation study on the high-frequency electromagnetic heating heavy oil reservoir and analysis of influencing factors. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 44(12): 10547~10559.

    • Wu Zhiqiang, Yang Panxi, Guo Wei, Yu Zunyi, Wang Jing, Li Hongqiang, Li Mingjie, Wei Jinjia, Yang Bolun. 2023&. Research progress on green and low-carbon conversion technology of oil-rich coal. Journal of Green Mine, (1): 138~165.

    • Xie Heping, Ju Yang, Gao Mingzhong, Gao Feng, Liu Jianzhong, Ren Huaiwei, Ge Shirong. 2018&. Theories and technologies for in situ fluidized mining of deep underground coal resources. Journal of China Coal Society, 43(5): 1210~1219.

    • Xie Heping, Wu Lixin, Zheng Dezhi. 2019&. Prediction on the energy consumption and coal demand of China in 2025. Journal of China Coal Society, 44(7): 1949~1960.

    • Xie Heping, Ren Shihua, Xie Yachen, Jiao Xiaomiao. 2021&. Development opportunities of the coal industry towards the goal of carbon neutrality. Journal of China Coal Society, 46(7): 2197~2211.

    • Zhan Run, Zhang Wenyong, Han Feng, Sun Gui, Xu Chuangye, Liu Guijian. 2024&. Study on the occurrence regularity and development potential of Rich oil coal in Huainan coalfield. Clean Coal Technology: 1~25. (2024-07-01). https: //kns. cnki. net/kcms/detail/11. 3676. TD. 20240701. 1209. 002. html.

    • Zhang Jianqiang, Ning Shuzheng, Zhang Li, Xu Xiaotao. 2023#. Discussion on the green development of coal industry in China. Geological Review, 69(s1): 233~235.

    • Zhang Junmin, Liu Gong. 2010&. Comprehensive utilization of low-temperature coal tar. Coal Conversion, 33(3): 92~96.

    • Zhang Li, Ning Shuzheng, Shu Xinqian, Zhang Jianqiang, Zou Zhuo, Shu Yuanfeng, Huang Shaoqing, Liu Kang, Ding Lian. 2021&. Comparative analysis of coal pyrolysis tar yields from gray-king gas retort and aluminum gas retort. Coal Geology of China, 33(10): 76~78.

    • Zhang Ning, Xu Yun, Qiao Junwei, Ning Shuzheng. 2021&. Organic geochemistry of the Jurassic tar-rich coal in northern Shaanxi Province. Coal Geology & Exploration, 49(3): 42~49.

    • Zou Zhuo, Zhang Li, Sun Jie, Liu Kang, Huang Shaoqing, Ding Lian. 2022&. Study on pyrolysis technology and utilization prospect of oil-rich coal. Coal Geology of China, 34(11): 31~34.