Recent drilling in the Penglai area of central Sichuan Basin has encountered Neoproterozoic volcanic rocks, providing a valuable opportunity to investigate the pre-Sinian tectonic setting of the Yangtze Block and the evolution of the Rodinia supercontinent. To clarify the development characteristics and formation mechanisms of the volcanic rocks in the central Sichuan basement, a systematic study was conducted on the petrology, geochemistry, and geochronology of volcanic rocks from Well PT1 in the Penglai area, using core observations, thin-section analysis, and various analytical techniques. The results show that the Neoproterozoic volcanic rocks in the Penglai area are generally deep red to brownish red, with brecciated textures and distinct perlitic and spherulitic structures, and are classified as rhyolitic breccia lavas. Zircon U?Pb dating yields ages ranging from 797 to 821 Ma, and the emplacement age of the felsic volcanic rocks is 808.8±3.1 Ma, corresponding to the Neoproterozoic Suxiong Formation. The volcanic rocks in the study area are high K calc alkaline rhyolites. The total rare earth element content (ΣREEs) averages 258.61×10??, characterized by enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREEs) and depletion of heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), with strong negative Eu anomalies. The samples are characterized by high silica contents, higher Nb contents and Ga/Al ratios, relatively low Zr/Hf ratios, and high Zr+Nb+Ce+Y values, and belong to A2?type felsic rhyolites. Taken together, the volcanic rocks in the Penglai area of Sichuan Province were formed in the intraplate rift extensional setting. The development of basement faults provided favorable conditions for the formation of concentric spherulitic rhyolites. The rhyolites in the Penglai area of central Sichuan recorded the Nanhua System rift evolution during the 808 Ma period, providing new evidence for the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent.