西刚果埃迪卡拉纪构造转折--安哥拉西北部两期岩浆岩的年代学与地球化学证据
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Ediacaran tectonic transition of West Congo--Chronological and geochemical evidences from two magmatic rocks in northwestern Angola
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    摘要:

    阿拉索伊-西刚果(Ara?uaí—West Congo)造山带是新元古代巴西利亚-泛非运动的产物,属于阿达马斯托洋的北部分支,发育了一个完整的威尔逊旋回。阿拉索伊带研究程度较高,发育新元古代-寒武纪与俯冲碰撞有关的花岗岩套;而西刚果造山带该时期的岩浆岩却鲜有报道,甚至其存在性也遭到质疑,西刚果带是否存在与新元古代-寒武纪俯冲碰撞有关的花岗岩,值得继续研究。本文通过研究安哥拉西北部新发现的石英闪长岩与石英二长闪长岩岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学,分析岩石成因及形成的构造环境,揭示西刚果造山带埃迪卡拉纪(约相当于震旦纪)构造转折过程,并探讨埃迪卡拉纪阿达马斯托洋构造演化进程。石英闪长岩和石英二长闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为578.0±2.3Ma和543.9±2.6 Ma,属于新元古代埃迪卡拉纪中期和末期侵入体。石英闪长岩富含角闪石、黑云母、斜长石,属于准铝质中钾钙碱性系列,富集大离子亲石元素Ba、K等,亏损Th、U、Ta、Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素,稀土配分曲线为LREE富集的右倾型,具岛弧岩浆岩特征,是俯冲机制下壳-幔混合作用的产物,可类比与阿拉索伊带G1岩套。石英二长闪长岩富含黑云母、斜长石,属于高钾钙碱性过铝质岩石,相对于石英闪长岩,富集SiO2、K2O、Na2O、Al2O3,P2O5,贫CaO、MgO、Fe2O3T,是后碰撞背景下镁铁质下地壳部分熔融的产物,可类比与阿拉索伊带G3岩套。研究表明,西刚果造山带存在与新元古代造山有关的钙碱性岩浆弧。两期岩浆岩年龄(578 Ma vs. 544 Ma)、地球化学特征以及构造背景差异显著,表明西刚果造山带在埃迪卡拉纪中期至末期经历了俯冲至后碰撞的构造背景转换。

    Abstract:

    In order to reveal the Ediacaran tectonic transition process of West Congo orogenic Belt, this paper studies the petrology, zircon U-Pb chronology and geochemistry of the newly discovered quartz diorite and quartz monzodiorite in the northwest of Angola, analyzes the genesis of the rocks and the tectonic environment.Methods: On the basis of field work, the systematic analysis of quartz diorite and quartz monzodiorite is carried out through microscopic observation, rock chemical analysis and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotope chronology.Results: The zircon U-Pb ages of quartz diorite and quartz monzodiorite are 578.0±2.3Ma and 543.9±2.6 Ma respectively, belonging to the middle and late intrusions of Neoproterozoic Ediacaran. Quartz diorite is rich in hornblende, biotite and plagioclase, belonging to the quasi-aluminous potassium-calc-alkaline series. It has the characteristics of island arc magmatic rocks, enriched with large ion lithophile elements such as Ba and K, deficient in Th, U, Ta, Nb, P, Ti and other high field strength elements, and the rare earth partition curve is right-leaning type of LREE enrichment. Quartz monzodiorite is rich in biotite and plagioclase and belongs to high potassium calc alkaline peraluminous rock. Compared with quartz diorite, it is rich in K2O, Na2O, Al2O3, P2O5 and poor in CaO, MgO, Fe2O3T. It enriched large ion lithophilic elements such as Rb, Ba and K (LILE) and high field strength elements such as Hf and Zr, and lost high field strength elements such as Th, U, Ta, Nb and Ti (HFSE). The rare earth partition curve was a right-leaning type with strong LREE enrichment.Conclusions: There are two stages of magmatic activities, namely subduction (quartz diorite, 578.0±2.3Ma) and post-collision (543.9±2.6Ma), in West Congo belt, confirming the existence of the Pan-African calcium-alkaline magmatic arc. Quartz diorite is the product of crust-mantle mixing under subduction mechanism, which can be compared with the G1 suite in Ara?uaí belt. Quartz monzoniorite is the product of partial melting of the mafic lower crust under the post-collision background, which can be likened to the G3 suite in Ara?uaí belt. The northern section of Adamastor Ocean is in a continuous subduction stage at 578.0 Ma, and the closure time is no later than 543.9 Ma. The time when West Congo Belt turned from subduction to collision structure is the middle to late of Ediacaran.

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侯德华,潘志龙,张洪瑞,邢伟伟,罗迪柯,贾鹏飞,董洪凯,魏广辉,郭佳宾.2025.西刚果埃迪卡拉纪构造转折--安哥拉西北部两期岩浆岩的年代学与地球化学证据[J].地质论评,71(4):2025040029,[DOI].
HOU Dehua, PAN Zhilong, ZHANG Hongrui, XING Weiwei, LUO Dike, JIA Pengfei, DONG Hongkai, WEI Guanghui, GUO Jiabin.2025. Ediacaran tectonic transition of West Congo--Chronological and geochemical evidences from two magmatic rocks in northwestern Angola[J]. Geological Review,71(4):2025040029.

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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-21
  • 最后修改日期:2025-08-17
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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-08-19
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