This paper systematically reviews the research progress of tectonic—geomorphic physical simulation experiment methods and their applications in Earth system science. The tectonic—geomorphic physical simulation method couples tectonic deformation with surface erosion and sedimentation processes, providing an intuitive and effective experimental approach to study the dynamic evolution of interactions between tectonic activities and surface processes. We herein review the development history of tectonic—geomorphic physical simulation, introduces in detail the experimental materials, apparatus design, key experimental steps, and scaling issues of this method, and summarizes its research achievements under different tectonic settings, such as compression, extension, and strike- slip. Specifically, it highlights applications in the formation and evolution of fold—thrust belts, the co- control of shortening rates and precipitation rates, the influence of sedimentation processes, and the evolution of drainage systems. Although this method has demonstrated significant potential in theoretical model research, certain technical and fundamental issues remain to be addressed. Future research should focus on optimizing experimental techniques, expanding the scope of applications, and integrating real geological contexts to address more complex geological problems. This will provide deeper experimental evidence and theoretical support for understanding the interaction mechanisms between tectonic deformation and surface processes.