In order to clarify the influence zone of seepage recharge pore water in the Yellow River and Dongping Lake, and to clarify the evolution law of surface water groundwater circulation along the Yellow River in western Shandong ProvinceMethods: The sources and controlling factors of the primary hydrochemical components in groundwater were identified through groundwater chemistry and isotope analysis. Additionally, the seepage from the Yellow River and the Dongping Lake, and the leakage quantity and the transformation among different water bodies were quantitatively analyzed. Results: The research shows that the main hydrochemical types are HCO-3—Ca2+·Mg2+ type, followed by HCO-3—Ca2+ and HCO-3·SO2-4—Ca2+ type, and the hydrochemical components are controlled by the weathering and dissolution of silicate rocks. Through the application of groundwater dynamic field, hydrochemistry and isotope methods, the influence zones of water seepage and recharge of the Yellow River and Dongping Lake are calculated to be 1. 5~4. 5 km and 0. 5~1. 5 km respectively. During the wet season (June, 2023 ~Sept., 2023), the water leakage of the Yellow River and the Dongping Lake was 4. 5763×104 m3 and 2. 2280×104 m3 respectively. During the low water period (Oct., 2023~May, 2024), it is 2. 6150×104 m3 and 4. 5691×104 m 3 respectively. Conclusions: The groundwater in the study area is mainly replenished by atmospheric precipitation, and the water level of the Yellow River is higher than the ground on both sides, with leakage replenishing the Quaternary pore water on both sides. The surrounding terrain of the Dongping Lake is high in the northeast and low in the southwest, and the lake water permeates the surrounding Quaternary pore water. The pore water receives atmospheric precipitation and water from the Yellow River and the Dongping Lake, and then permeates and recharges the underlying karst water. The research results of groundwater—surface water cycle evolution can provide a reference for the calculation of groundwater resources in this area.