西藏盐湖卤水与其蒸发过程中溴含量变化特征及意义
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本文为第二次青藏高原综合考察研究专题“青藏高原盐湖铷、铯资源现状与远景评估”(编号: 2022QZKK0201)和中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所横向项目“西藏结则茶卡和龙木错盐湖资源动态变化与资源潜力研究”(编号: HE2202)联合资助的成果


Characteristics and significance of change of bromine content in Xizang (Tibetan) salt lakes brine and its evaporation process
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    摘要:

    溴素是我国重要的化工原料之一,在环境科学和工业领域具有重要的研究和应用价值,近年来随着溴素阻燃剂、溴盐等化工产品行情的看涨,溴的需求量将持续增长。西藏盐湖卤水中的化学成分一直备受关注,其中溴(Br)含量也是其中的一项重要指标,然而目前对西藏盐湖中溴(Br)的分布规律和蒸发过程中溴的含量特征及意义鲜有研究。本文以西藏盐湖为研究对象,研究卤水中溴的含量特征,探讨其在蒸发过程中的变化。研究表明:① 西藏盐湖卤水中溴质量浓度为0. 11~187. 0 mg/L,其中多数盐湖中富含Br,如扎仓茶卡(52. 90 mg/L)、聂尔错(52. 03 mg/L)盐湖卤水Br质量浓度高于溴的综合评价指标(50 mg/L);扎布耶北湖(187. 0 mg/L)、扎布耶南湖(177. 8 mg/L)、当雄错(106. 6 mg/L)盐湖卤水Br质量浓度高于扎布耶盐湖溴的边界品位(100 mg/L),1年中,扎布耶北湖与南湖在10、11月份溴质量浓度最高,分别为216. 8 mg/L和272. 8 mg/L;当雄错在7、8月份溴质量浓度最高,最高为130. 0 mg/L;② 多数盐湖卤水中Br的主要补给来源可能为强烈活动的热泉,经河水汇入并在盐湖卤水中富集,其中结则茶卡盐湖卤水中Br大约99%的补给来源为河边温泉;③ 盐湖卤水中Br含量虽远不及海水,但在盐田卤水中如扎布耶各级盐田中Br质量浓度明显高于工业开采品位(300 mg/L)。在卤水自然蒸发浓缩过程中,随着蒸失率的增大,Br的含量有逐渐升高的趋势。溴含量高的盐湖及盐田卤水是对溴综合开发利用的潜在资源。

    Abstract:

    Bromine is one of the important chemical raw materials in China, with important research and application value in environmental science and industrial fields. In recent years, with the bullish market of chemical products such as bromine flame retardants and bromine salts, the demand for bromine will continue to grow. The chemical composition of brine in Xizang (Tibetan) Salt Lakes has always attracted much attention, of which the content of bromine (Br) is also an important indicator. However, at present, there is little research on the distribution of bromine (Br) in Xizang (Tibetan) Salt Lakes and the content characteristics and significance of bromine in the evaporation process. Methods: This paper takes Xizang (Tibetan) Salt Lakes as the research object, studies the content characteristics of bromine in brine, and discusses its changes in the evaporation process. Results: The bromine mass concentration in the brine of Xizang (Tibetan) Salt Lakes is 0.11~187.0 mg/L, and most of the salt lakes are rich in Br, such as Zhacangchaka (52.90 mg/L) and Nieercuo (52.03 mg/L), whose Br mass concentration is higher than the comprehensive evaluation index of bromine (50 mg/L); the Br mass concentration in the brine of the Zhabuye North Lake (187.0 mg/L), the Zhabuye South Lake (177.8 mg/L), and the Dangxiong Salt Lake (106.6 mg/L) is higher than the boundary grade of bromine in the Zhabuye Salt Lake (100 mg/L). Within a year, the Zhabuye North Lake and the South Lake have the highest bromine mass concentration in October and November, with 216.8 mg/L and 272.8 mg/L, respectively; In July and August, the highest bromine mass concentration was found in the Dangxiong Lake , with a maximum of 130.0 mg/L.Conclusions: The main supply source of Br supply in most salt lake brine is strongly active hot springs, which converge through river water and accumulate in salt lake brine. Among them, about 99% of Br supply in Jiezechaka salt lake brine comes from riverside hot springs; although the Br content in salt lake brine is far lower than that in seawater, the Br mass concentration in salt field brine, such as in various levels of salt fields in the Zhabuye Lake , is significantly higher than the industrial extraction grade (300 mg/L). During the natural evaporation and concentration process of brine, the content of Br gradually increases with the increase of evaporation rate. The mass concentration of bromine in the brine of the Zhabuye Salt Lake increases from 90.00 mg/L of the original brine to 420.0 mg/L when the evaporation rate is 79%; when the mass concentration of bromine in the brine of the Dangxiong Salt Lake increased from 107.4 mg/L of the original brine to a evaporation loss rate of 84%, it was concentrated to 303.5 mg/L. Salt lakes and salt field brine with high bromine content are potential resources for the comprehensive development and utilization of bromine.

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王新元,张智彦,黄圣,陈文西,李胜群,崔金宝,赵元艺.2025.西藏盐湖卤水与其蒸发过程中溴含量变化特征及意义[J].地质论评,71(1):2025010010,[DOI].
WANG Xinyuan, ZHANG Zhiyan, HUANG Sheng, CHEN Wenxi, LI Shengqun, CUI Jinbao, ZHAO Yuanyi.2025. Characteristics and significance of change of bromine content in Xizang (Tibetan) salt lakes brine and its evaporation process[J]. Geological Review,71(1):2025010010.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-07
  • 最后修改日期:2024-10-20
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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-01-19
  • 出版日期: 2025-01-15