After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the geological community in Taiwan underwent a transformative period of returning from a colonial academic system and integrating into the Chinese geological scientific community. This paper focuses on the National Government"s reception and reorganization of Taiwan"s geological institutions from 1945 to 1949, exploring the process of their integration with the geological community on the Chinese mainland and promotion of China"s geological discipline against the backdrop of political and social restructuring. The study examines the legacy issues of geological work during the Japanese occupation, analyzes the reception and expansion processes through restructuring the former "Taiwan Geological Survey" into the "Taiwan Provincial Geological Survey" and establishing the new "Taiwan Provincial Marine Research Institute," and presents the collaborative achievements between mainland and Taiwanese geologists in fields such as mineral resource exploration, stratigraphic paleontology, and marine geological surveys. The research shows that this process not only critically inherited the geological legacy of the Japanese occupation but also filled gaps in China"s geological science in areas such as Tertiary marine strata and island tectonics through institutional coordination, talent integration, and academic community building. It strengthened the national identity of Taiwan"s geological community, provided an important case for regional integration in modern China"s scientific development, and highlighted the interactive mechanism between political changes and geological discipline development, as well as their roles and contributions to the national geological cause.