Abstract: Located on the southern margin of the North China Plate, Henan Province has experienced complex tectonic movements, resulting in abundant geological heritage resources characterized by a wide distribution and comprehensive variety. These resources form a significant component of China's geological diversity and provide crucial evidence for the evolution of the East Asian continent. Decoding the spatial patterns of these geological heritages can offer an ecological security barrier, a foundation for resource assurance, and a cultural empowerment engine for the rise of the Central Plains.Given this context, this study takes 335 important geological heritage resources in Henan Province as its research subjects. Utilizing analytical tools such as the Nearest Neighbor Index, Imbalance Index, Kernel Density Analysis, and Spatial Autocorrelation, it delves into the types and distribution characteristics of these resources across the province. The results indicate that:(1) The types of important geological heritage resources in Henan Province are relatively comprehensive, dominated by stratigraphic sections, significant mineral and rock production sites, and rock-soil mass landforms.(2) Spatially, these resources exhibit a distribution pattern of "more in the west and less in the east".(3) The Nearest Neighbor Index (R) for these resources is 0.474 < 1, indicating significant clustering characteristics.(4) Natural factors—including geological conditions, topography, rivers, and vegetation—are the primary influences shaping the spatial distribution pattern of important geological heritage resources, with each factor exerting varying degrees of impact.Finally, based on the spatial distribution status of these resources in Henan Province, the study discusses and analyzes their development and utilization. It proposes targeted recommendations aimed at providing theoretical support for the protection and sustainable development of geological heritages in Henan, and supporting their global recognition within China’s geological heritage resources.