Calderas, as the most distinctive landform of volcanoes, are volcanic depressions formed by surface collapse due to the eruption of magma. They are closely related to processes such as magma migration, eruption, and chamber depressurization. The dynamics of caldera collapse has always been a hot topic in volcanology and volcanic disaster. This paper reviews the main types, evolutionary processes, collapse conditions, and influencing factors of calderas. It also analyzes the research progress in volcanic geological characteristics, mathematical models, physical models, and numerical simulations of caldera collapse. The studies can provide new insights into magma migration and eruption during caldera collapse. Furthermore, the combination of volcanic geology and geophysical research on caldera collapse can offer a new perspective for volcanic monitoring and disaster mitigation, while also yielding valuable insights for future studies of caldera.