The carbonate karst geothermal reservoir in western Shandong (Luxi) area exhibits a wide distribution area and substantial hot water reserves, making it a crucial target for geothermal resource development in Shandong Province. Methods: We utilized the residual thickness method and "impression" method to reconstruct five paleogeomorphologies during the Huaiyuan, Caledonian, Indosinian, Yanshanian, and Himalayan periods. Results: The distribution characteristics of karst highlands, karst gentle slopes and karst depressions in each period have certain inheritance and difference. The present geothermal reservoirs have experienced six periods of syngenetic, supergene and buried karst. The Indosinian—Yanshanian tectonic styles determine the difference in the development and evolution of karst geothermal reservoirs in the south, middle and north sections of the area. Conclusions:Combined with the characteristics of paleogeomorphology and faults distribution, the favorable areas for geothermal reservoir exploration such as Heze uplift, Shanxian uplift and Yanggu uplift are delineated, in order to provide theoretical guidance for future geothermal exploration.