Physical geological data is a valuable resource formed by geological exploration work. Ensuring the safe and proper storage of important physical geological data is an important guarantee for achieving effective preservation and efficient utilization of their potential value. However, how to improve the contradiction between the growing demand for important core storage and limited warehouse construction is an urgent issue facing the current work of physical geological data storage in China. The paper systematically summarizes the important achievements made in the system construction and warehouse construction of physical geological data storage in China in recent years, analyzes the main problems currently faced, and studies and proposes suggestions on the overall layout and mechanism construction of physical geological data storage in China, providing reference for improving the overall storage capacity of physical geological data in China.