Jiaodong Peninsula is a typical water- scarce mountainous area in China, where magmatic rocks, metamorphic rocks and chalk impervious sandstones are widely distributed, and aquifers differ greatly in water richness. Meanwhile, there are intensive human activities in Jiaodong Peninsula, and the problem of poor water quality caused by poor water quality is also prominent, and resource- based water shortage and water quality poor water shortage problems exist simultaneously, In order to reveal the water storage structural model and water seeking direction of typical water- scarce mountainous areas under the influence of human activities. Methods: The hydrogeological survey conducted in the typical water- scarce mountainous areas of Jiaodong Peninsula from 2019 to 2022, using 7 groups of borehole data, 7 groups of hydrochemical and isotope analysis samples from this construction, based on the theory of water storage structure and combined with the water chemical and isotope characteristics under the influence of human activities, the water richness of different types of water storage structures and the influence of human activities represented by nitrate on water quality were compared. Results: In this paper, the structure of the water storage structure of the depression, the contact band, the fracture and the karst type are summarized. It is revealed that the nitrate content of the weathered fissure water represented by the weathered water storage structure in the depression and gully is increased and the water quality is poor due to human activities, It also revealed that the water is susceptible to human activity, the nitrate content is raised, the water quality is poor, the complete bedrom of the confined water layer is the influence of human activity on the groundwater, the low nitrate content and the water quality. The upper intact bedrock of structural fissure water (confined water) represented by fault- type water storage structure acts as a water barrier covering layer, which weakens the influence of human activities on groundwater, and has low nitrate content and good water quality. Conclusions: The fault- type water storage structure- confined water is suitable for urban and rural domestic water, while the weathered water storage structure—weathered fissure water in depressions and valleys is suitable for industrial and agricultural production. The development and utilization direction of contact zone type and karst type water storage structure is related to the buried depth of aquifer.