Objectives: Objectives: This study aimed to ascertain the sedimentary environmental evolution process and material source of the Chengjiang Formation, Nanhuan System(≈ Cryogenian System), in Jile, Kaiyang County, Central Guizhou Province. Methods:A detailed field investigation was conducted on the profile of the Chengjiang Formation profile of Nanhuan System, in Jile, Kaiyang. The sedimentology, mineralogy and geochemical characteristics of major, trace and rare earth elements was used. Results: The SiO2 contents of the samples from the Chengjiang Formation ranged from 65.56% to 78.45%, with an mean of 71.11%. The lithology of this formation is mostly quartz lithic sandstone based on the results of rock—mineral identification. Its ratio of Al2O3 to SiO2 and TiO2 contents showed a gradually decreasing trend from the bottom to the top for the whole profile. The average of Sr/Cu ratio was 13.15, showing a dry and hot climate. The major parameters for sedimentary environment (e.g., Th /U＞2, V/Cr＜2, δCe＞1, δEu＜1, U/Th＞1) indicating that the environment in which the Chengjiang Formation was formed was an oxidizing environment．The concentrations of ∑REE in rock samples ranged from 152.28 to 266.23 μg/g, indicating that the enrichment of light rare earth elements and the loss of heavy rare earth elements. Further, its distribution patterns are consistent with those of the Qingshuijiang Formation (Qingbaikou System). Conclusions: The horizontal stratification of the Chengjiang Formation indicates the water body in the sedimentary area is relatively quiet, and the complete set of rock formations of the Chenjiang Formation is generally lacustrine. From early stage to late stage, the water depth changes from deep to shallow, and then to the late stage, the sedimentary environment of the Chenjing Formation becomes a shoal environment. The sedimentary materials may come from the Qingshuijiang Formation, Qingbaikou System. The climate during the deposition was dry and hot. The salinity of the water continued to rise from early to late stage, and the overall environment was oxidized. The thick sediment formation in the Chengjiang age provided the material basis for the formation of the barrier- free shoal and gentle slope facies environment in the Doushantuo age.