Objectives: Here we present a onedimensional multiobservable probabilistic inversion software, LitMod1D, particularly designed for compositional and thermal mapping of the lithosphere and sublithospheric upper mantle. To further illustrate this new developed multiobservable probabilistic inversion technique, we employ this method to Yangyuan and Langshan in the east and west North China Craton (NCC), respectively, and construct their thermochemical structures of the lithosphere and sublithospheric upper mantle.Methods:This method combines the geophysical and petrological modeling to constrain the geophysical, petrological, mineralphysical, and geochemical data within an internally consistent thermodynamic framework. By simultaneously solving the heat transfer, thermodynamic, geopotential, rheological, and isostatic equations, we can obtain temperature, density and seismic wave velocity models of the lithosphere and sublithospheric upper mantle (from the surface to the 410km discontinuity). A Bayesian inference approach and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling method are used to solve the inversion problem. The final thermochemical structure can not only fit all available geophysical and petrological observables, but also reduce the uncertainties associated with the modeling of individual observable, since their different sensitivities to the shallow/deep, thermal/compositional anomalies. Results: The hot, thin lithosphere beneath Yangyuan and the cold, thick lithosphere beneath Langshan are corresponding the space variation of lithospheric thinning under NCC. The predicted Magnesium number (Mg#) presents a good consistency with the results from laboratory on mantle xenoliths. We suggest that the ancient mantle lithosphere beneath these two sites have been replaced by more fertile material and no refractory mantle exist.Conclusion: The multiobservable probabilistic inversion software, LitMod1D, has been successfully applied to Yangyuan and Langshan (in the east and west NCC, respectively) for their thermochemical structures of the lithosphere and sublithospheric upper mantle.