Based on systematic surveys and laboratory research of the surface calcareous tufa in Ji-uzhaigou of Sichuan, and Huangguoshu, Malinghe gorge and Xiangzhigou of Guizhou, it is first found that there are present freshwater stromatolites and their algal mats in surface calcareous tufas. A lot of bibliographies are investigated and reviewed in order to identify some calcareous tufas with stromatolites in the paper. All the stromatolitic algal mats in research areas are summarized according to their varieties and features. It is considered that dominant species of microbio-coenosis in these stromatolite algal mats are mainly Schizothrix, Phormidium and Lyngbya belonging to cyanophyta. Formation of the freshwater calcareous tufas stromatolites result from laminated construction of cyanophyta mats and periodic calcareous deposition. Layers and other morphology of the stromatolites are related to species of cyanophyta and the living environment of stromatolites. Research on these present freshwater stromatolites and their algal mats in surface calcareous tufas is considered to be important to the study of sedimentology, geomicro-organism, stromatolites and their mineralizations, karst geomorphology and hydrology and climate.