Based on 1∶50000 regional geological survey and typical sections study, a set of abnormal enrichment layers of Nb, Co, Ga, Zr and REE with thickness of about 20~50 m has been identified at the top of the Permian Emeishan Formation in Luquan area, central Yunnan.Results:The main lithology of the enrichment layer is grayish purple mudstone, tuffaceous mudstone, tuff, and partially mixed with almond basalt. Through groove analysis of enriched layers in Wanlubu and Sajiaohai areas, Luquan County, central Yunnan, it is shown that the Nb2O5 contents range from 82.4× 10-6 to 120.1 × 10-6, with an average value of 100.3 × 10-6, larger than the general industrial index of weathered crust type deposits (80 × 10-6); Ga content are 28 8× 10-6~35.6 × 10-6, with an average value of 32.1 × 10-6, higher than the current industrial indicator requirements for Ga mineral resources (30 × 10-6); REE contents range from 360× 10-6 to 510 × 10-6, with an average value of 440.6 × 10-6, close to the general industrial index of weathered crust type deposits (500 × 10-6). The contents of critical metals in mudstone tuffaceous mudstone Tuff increas in sequence, which are positively related to the contents of volcanic ash. Weathering of the Emeishan Basalt may result in the enrichment of the critical metals; simultaneously enriched layers are accompanied by critical metals mineralization, such as Co, Zr, and Li.Conclusions:Therefore, the red top layer of the Permian Emeishan Formation is an enrichment layer of critical metals. In view of the wide distribution of the Permian Emeishan Formation in central Yunnan, it is an area with rich prospecting prospects for Nb, Ga, Co, Zr, REE and other critical metals, which deserves the attention of prospecting workers. The discovery of pyroclastic—sedimentary rocks interlayers and asphalt amygdala enriched with critical metals among the basalts of each section of the Emeishan Formation has proved that the Emeishan Basalt is a mantle plume episodic eruption, providing new research directions and data for the evolution and eruption time limit of the Emeishan Basalt mantle plume and its relationship with Permian biological extinction.