Well log identification and quantitative evaluation of source rock are very important for potential exploration of oil and gas resources, reserve evaluation and unconventional oil and gas exploration and development. The well log evaluation of source rock is still limited due to the variations in lithology and maturity of source rocks, and different sensitivity degrees of various response of well log series, as well as differences in the applicability of various methods. At present, it is in an urgent need to further unravel the source rock information contained in geophysical well log data, and to build a bridge between source rock quality and well log information. In addition, it is also in great need to finely characterize the source rock quality of self- generation and self- storage unconventional hydrocarbon using well logs. In this paper, the classification and geological characterization parameters of source rock are firstly clarified. Then the log response characteristics of different types of source rock in conventional log series and advanced logging techniques such as image logs and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance logging (NMR) are analyzed. The response characteristics of source rock are usually shown by “four high values and one low value” (high natural gamma ray, high sonic transit time, high neutron, high resistivity but low density). In addition to single factor analysis, the crossplots and sensitive parameters can be selected to accomplish the qualitative identification of source rock. The quantitative prediction of total organic carbon content (TOC) and other parameters of source rock can be realized by ΔlgR method, modified ΔlgR method (variable baseline and changing coefficient), natural gamma ray spectrum logging method, multiple regression method, Litho Scanner logging data method and artificial intelligence method. The advantages and disadvantages of different TOC content logging methods and their application conditions are reviewed, and then the comprehensive well log evaluation of source rock quality can be realized by TOC prediction combined with the calculation of hydrocarbon generation potential and other parameters. Finally, the existing problems and development trend in the logging identification and quantitative evaluation of source rock are analyzed in order to provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the evaluation of oil and gas resource, and for unconventional oil and gas exploration and development.