The purpose of this paper is to reveal the evolution law and driving mechanism of groundwater chemical characteristics in the Yimu Spring groundwater level funnel area. Methods: Mathematical statistical analysis, ion ratio analysis and hydrogeochemical simulation analysis technology were applied to analyze the variation of groundwater chemical characteristics in the whole process of pre- mining—mining—press- mining. Results: The evolution process of the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in the study area is characterized by obvious stages. From the initial stage of mining to the initial stage of pressure mining, the hydrochemical type, TDS and total hardness remained stable, and the hydrochemical type was mainly HCO-3—Ca2+·Mg2+type. During the recovery period of the funnel, the types of groundwater hydrochemical types tended to be complicated, the TDS and total hardness were increased significantly, showing an evolution trend towards salinization and hardening. The hydrochemical components of groundwater in the study area from 1960 to 2010 were mainly controlled by dedolomitization and cation exchange, which was showed the law of natural evolution. After 2010, under the background of funnel restoration, the water—rock interaction process in the vadose zone was intensified, the evolution of groundwater hydrochemistry was controlled by leaching and ion exchange. Conclusions: During the recovery period of the funnel, the impact of human activities on groundwater hydrochemical characteristics gradually emerged. The research results can provide a scientific basis for the protection and restoration of groundwater in the funnel area.