Objectives: Although previous researchers were devoted to analyze the characteristics and mechanism of soil magnetism, mostly soil vertical profiles, very little work about lateral profiles have been employed. So we attempt to understand spatial distribution of different soil magnetic parameters and reveal the major influencing factors of soil pedogenesis.Methods: The paper primarily takes advantage of geostatistical methods to analyze spatial variability of conventional soil indexesand environmental magnetic parameters of topsoil in the Sanggan River Basin in Yangyuan County, Hebei Province. Besides, some basic approaches, such as descriptive and correlation analysis et al., can help us to comprehend the process of soil forming.Results: The results of correlation coefficient for magnetic parameters show that total magnetic contents are mainly affected by superparamagnetic particles. The semivariogram suggests human activities, for instance, apply fertilizer, cropping system et al., almost have no influence on magnetic susceptibility（χlf）, frequencydependent magnetic susceptibility（χfd）and the percentage of frequencydependent magnetic susceptibility（χfp）. Above all, the spatial distribution patterns show that soil frequencydependent magnetic susceptibility （χfd）, Eh, organic matter, clay—silt content, heavy metals et al. are controlled by elevation, while the moisture, free iron oxide and active iron are limited by aspect, speculating that elevation affect soil development by hydrodynamic change, and the aspect change moisture by winter monsoon, so we can conclude that topography (elevation, aspect) is the most important factor for soil pedogenesisamongfive soil influencing factors(parent rock,climate, topography, organic matter, time). Besides, in former study, the frequencydependent magnetic susceptibility and free iron oxide can reflect the content of iron oxide/hydroxides and soil pedogenesis, but in this study, the spatial characteristics of frequencydependent magnetic susceptibility appear to be more similar to organic matter, Eh et al., in particular, arable land, compared with free iron oxide. Thus we conclude that frequencydependent magnetic susceptibility is better to indicate soil pedogenesis.Conclusions: Frequencydependent magnetic susceptibility and frequencydependent magnetic susceptibility percentage are mainly controlled by topography in this study, in addition, these two index can instruct us to comprehend soil pedogenesis.Acknowledgements: This study was financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China ( Nos. 41372172), the Chinese Geological Survey Project ( Nos. DD20190602 and 20160120) and the Basic Scientific Research Funding from the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (No. J1603).We would like to express our thanks to Dr. Wang Hongqiang from Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration and Dr. Wang Dan from Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. We also thank the reviewers and editors for their valuable suggestions and comments.