甘肃古浪河口群粗碎屑岩系的层序地层序列: 祁连山白垩纪隆升的沉积学响应
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本文为中国地质调查局地质调查工作项目(编号 1212011121268)的成果。


Sequence-Stratigraphic Succession for the Course Clastic Rock System of the Hekou Group in the Gulang County of Gansu Province: Sedimentological Response to the Cretaceous Uplift of the Qilian Mountains
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    摘要:

    受控于白垩纪时期的祁连山隆升过程,在甘肃省河西走廊地区形成了一系列的陆相盆地,在这些盆地中堆积了厚度上千米的下白垩统,其中,特别的沉积相序列所构成的沉积层序,不但代表了“非常规体系域”概念框架下较为典型的陆相层序样式,而且对认识和了解青藏高原的形成及其环境效应具有重要意义。甘肃省古浪十八里铺剖面的河口群,沉积在早白垩世兰州盆地的西北边缘,其地层学特征和沉积学属性成为白垩纪时期祁连山隆升过程的沉积学响应,主要包括以下几个方面:1, 河口群下部为一套紫色色调的粗碎屑岩系所构成,可以进一步划分为3个三级层序,这些层序的低可容纳空间体系域为冲积扇砾岩和辫状河沉积所组成,高可容纳空间体系域主要为湖泊相沉积所构成;2, 河口群上部总体为一套红层沉积,可以进一步划分为两个三级层序,层序的低可容纳空间体系域为冲积扇或洪积扇砾岩与辫状河沉积所组成,高可容纳空间体系域为滨湖相风成沙岩和干旱湖泊相泥岩所构成;3,河口群的层序地层学列,总体上从潮湿气候背景下的粗碎屑序列演变到干旱气候条件下的红层序列,尤其是其上部红层序列中的风成砂岩的发育及其所表征的“雨影效应”的影响,进一步说明古浪地区河口群的堆积作用过程与白垩纪祁连山隆升过程存在密切的成因联系。因此,古浪地区下白垩统河口群粗碎屑岩系的层序地层学列,特殊的沉积相构成及其演化序列,不但成为窥视早白垩世祁连山隆升过程的物质记录,而且为早白垩世东亚大气环流格局重建提供了一个重要的物质记录。

    Abstract:

    Controlled by the Cretaceous uplift of the Qilian Mountains, a series of continental basins were formed in the Hexi-Corridor area and its adjacent areas of Gansu Province, in which accumulated continental strata with the thickness of about one thousand meters. In these continental strata, depositional sequences that are made up of a particular succession of sedimentary facies could provide a typical pattern of continental sequences under the concept framework of the “unconventional system tract”, and are meaningful for the further understanding of the formation of the Tibetan Plateau and its impact of environment in Asia. The Hekou Group of the lower Cretaceous at the Shibalipu section in the Gulang County of Gansu Province, which is accumulated in the north-western margin of the Lanzhou Basin in the early Cretaceous, its stratigraphic features as well as sedimentological natures become the sedimentological response of the Cretaceous uplift of the Qilian Mountains and can further be summarized as following several aspects: Firstly, a set of course clastic rock system with the purple tonel constitutes the lower part of the Hekou Group, which can be subdivided into three depositional sequences, and the low accommodation system tract of the sequence is made up of the course clastic deposits belonging to the alluvial-fan and the braided river, the high accommodation system tract is made up of the fine-grained deposits of lacustrine. Secondly, a set of red beds constitutes the upper part of the Hekou Group, which can be subdivided into two depositional sequences, and the low accommodation system tract of the sequence is made up of the course clastic deposits belonging to the pluvial-fan and the braided river, the high accommodation system tract is made up of the fine-grained deposits of arid lacustrine with the development of eolian sand dunes. Thirdly, a sequence-stratigraphic succession that is changed upward to a set of red beds formed in the arid climate setting from a set of course calstic rock system with the purple tonel that is chiefly formed in the humid climate setting, especially for the development of eolian sand dunes in the red beds, is genetically related to the “rain shadow effect” resulted from the uplift process of the Qilian Mountains. Therefore, a particularly sequence-stratigraphic succession for the Hekou Group in the study area, which is characteristic of a sedimentary succession of both a composition of special sedimentary facies and their evolutionary succession, not only becomes an important substance record for the further understanding of the Cretaceous uplift of the Qilian Mountains but also provides another important record for the reconstruction of the pattern of the atmospheric circle in the East Asia.

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梅冥相,苏德辰.2014.甘肃古浪河口群粗碎屑岩系的层序地层序列: 祁连山白垩纪隆升的沉积学响应[J].地质论评,60(3):539-554,[DOI].
.2014. Sequence-Stratigraphic Succession for the Course Clastic Rock System of the Hekou Group in the Gulang County of Gansu Province: Sedimentological Response to the Cretaceous Uplift of the Qilian Mountains[J]. Geological Review,60(3):539-554.

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  • 收稿日期:2013-09-06
  • 最后修改日期:2014-01-05
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  • 在线发布日期: 2014-05-19
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