After analyzing the regional geology and the seismic interpretation, the writers make conclusions that structural geologic evolution from extension to compression in the Southern—Central Tarim basin during early Paleozoic was controlled by the plate tectonic of southern margin of the Tarim plate. Extension and rift structure occurred in the northern margin of Central Tarim Basin under the control of extension in passive continent margin during Cambrian to Early Ordovician; It was a forebulge in the Central Tarim Basin after closure of the north Kunlun ocean in Middle Ordovician; the thrust nappe and strike deformation from Late Ordovician to Devonian is the main structural features which were kept up to now. The foreland thrust deformation, which propagated from southeast to northwest in Late Ordovician, result in the formation of the arc shaped fault systems of Tangbei fault—south margin fault—No. 5 fault of central Tarim basin and formation of the strik-slip fault system in central—western section of the lower uplift of the central Tarim Basin, which is oblique intersecting with the fault No. 1. The propagation of thrust displace is along two detachment layer. One is the evaporite rocks bed in the Cambrian, the other one is the ductile layer in the middle crust. The main structural style is fault propagation fold and wedge structure in the east segment of fault No.1. The main style is flower structure of strike faults system which like a broom on the plane distribution in the west segment of fault No.1. The ancient structural evolution and deformation features, structural style, structure formation cause and the fault system in the Central Tarim Basin are main structural geological features in the depth of superimposition Cratonic basin.