“三清山式”花岗岩地质特征与地貌景观研究
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Study on “Mount SanqingshanType” Granite Geology and Landscapes
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    摘要:

    三清山位处欧亚大陆东南部,扬子古板块与华夏古板块结合带中的怀玉古岛弧地体之上,已知有9亿多年的地质构造演化发展历史。山体面积229.5km2、主峰海拔高程1816.9m,是在中生代区域构造隆起的背景上,又在三角形断块构造控制下进一步隆升的“隆上隆”山体,主要由“A”型钾长花岗岩组成,岩石具有高硅、富钾、低钙特点。花岗岩体内为北北东、北西向两组垂直节理和帚状裂隙群所切割,这些垂直节理和裂隙的强度大、密度稀、延伸长、切割深,具张—剪性质,呈带展布,组成裂隙网络,又经冲刷剥蚀风化等地质作用,形成了世界罕见的花岗岩地质地貌景观,是世界花岗岩地质、花岗岩地貌、花岗岩生态完美结合的一个突出代表,并以奇特的景观形式展示了杰出的自然美。这些,都具有无可替代的科学价值和国际对比意义。①三清山北临赣东北新元古代古板块缝合带及中生代陆内深俯冲带,这是一个重要的中生代构造—岩浆带,形成了中—晚侏罗世—白垩纪造山期和转型期“I→S→A”型花岗岩序列,三清山“A”型钾长花岗岩为该花岗岩序列中的最新成员,是研究西太平洋地区中生代陆内俯冲型花岗岩的最好园地。②三清山花岗岩微地貌类型多样、发育系统、保存完整,峰峦、峰墙、峰丛、石林、石柱、石锥、峡谷、崖壁以及丰富的造形石等微地貌标型齐全、特征典型,这种以锥状峰峦与密集峰柱组合型花岗岩峰林为特征的地貌景观——称“三清山式”花岗岩景观。她记录和保存了地球中新生代以来地壳形成演化的历史,特别是完整记录与系统出露了三清山花岗岩形成演化相关的内外地质作用主要过程,是一个具有世界性价值的花岗岩微地貌天然博物馆。③中国是世界上花岗岩最发育的国家之一,花岗岩名山很多。根据花岗岩景观类型特色,结合地质构造背景和花岗岩景观的成因,最具代表性的花岗岩景观为三清山、黄山、华山、泰山、普陀山和克什克腾,她们既代表了中国主要花岗岩景观的类型、也代表了花岗岩地貌的成因类型,同时反映了花岗岩地貌形成演化过程中的不同阶段,可构成一个花岗岩景观的序列,分别称为:“三清山式—黄山式—华山式—泰山式—普陀山式”和“克什克腾式”。其中的“三清山式”花岗岩景观,是具有世界对比意义的花岗岩景观型式之一。

    Abstract:

    Mount Sanqing (Sanqingshan) is situated in the southeast of Eurasian continent, just above the Huaiyu paleoisland arc massif within the suture zone between Yangze paleoplate and Cathaysia paleoplate. Covering an area of 229.5km2, with the elevation of 1816.9m of the main summit, the mountain body is a further uprising “uplift on uplift” body, controlled by a triangular block under the background of Mesozoic regional structural uprising. It is mainly composed of the Early Cretaceous Epoch ( 87.4Ma ) “A” type moyite, with the typical features of high silicic、 high potassium and low calcium. The granite body was intersected by block joints and brush fracture cluster with fracture few and scattered、 extending and dissecting, characterized by tensile and shear properties, distributed as zoning, thus the granite geology and landscapes were formed, further by scouring、 weathering and denuding. Mount Sanqingshan is an outstanding example in perfect combination with the global granite geology 、granite landforms and granite ecology, exhibiting unsurpassed natural beauty in forms of pecuriou landscapes. All of these are of irreplaceable scientific value and global correlation significance. ① The north of Mount Sanqingshan is adjacent to the Neoproterpzoic paleoplate suture zone and Mesozoic intracontinental deep subduction zone in Northeast Jiangxi, which is an important Mesozoic structural——magmatic belt, in which “I→S→→A” type granite sequence was formed from Middle and Late Jura——Cretaceous orogenic period to transitional type period. Mount Sanqingshan “A” type moyite is the latest member in the sequence, providing the best spot for studying Mesozoic intracontinental deep subductiontype granite in CircumPacific region. ② Mount Sanqingshan shows various types of granite microlandforms which developed systematically and preserved completely. There are such typomorphic microlandforms with complete types and typical features like overlapped peaks、peak walls、peak clusters、stone forests、peak pillars、peak cones、gorges、cliffs and rich pictographic stones,etc. This kind of landscapes, with conelike overlapped peaks and combinatedtype granite peak forest with closelyspaced peak pillar as the features is called “Mount Sanqingshantype” granite landscape, which is an elaborated creature by Mother Nature under the conditions of special lithologic structure and climate. It has recorded and preserved the evolution history of the earth crust since Mesocenozoic Eras, in particular, have completely recorded and systematically revealed the major endogenic and exogenic processes related to evolution of granite landforms, being a natural museum of granite microlandforms which is of an outstanding universal value. ③ China is one of the countries with the most developed granite in the world, and there exists famous granite mountains. According to the characteristics of granite landscape types, in combination with geological strucutral setting and the genesis of granite landscapes, the most representative granite landscapes are as follows: Mount Sanqingshan、Mount Huangshan、Mount Huashan、Mount Taishan、Putuoshan and Hexigten, which not only represent the main types of granite landscapes, but also the genetic types of granite landforms. Meanwhile ,it shows the different stages in the evolution process of granite landform formation so that a succession of granite landscape can be constituted . Therefore, they are respectively called: “Mount Sanqingshantype”——Mount Huangshantype——Mount HuashantypeMount Taishantype——Putuoshantype and Hexigtentype , of them, “Mount Sanqingshantype” granite landscape is one of the granite landscape types which is of global correlation significance.

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尹国胜,杨明桂,马振兴,刘细元,杨永革,龙梅梅.2007.“三清山式”花岗岩地质特征与地貌景观研究[J].地质论评,53(Supp):56-74,[DOI].
.2007. Study on “Mount SanqingshanType” Granite Geology and Landscapes[J]. Geological Review,53(Supp):56-74.

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  • 收稿日期:2007-04-06
  • 最后修改日期:2007-06-12
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