This paper is based on cobalt mineral resources in the world today, classification of cobalt deposits and the latest advances of exploration and research on cobalt deposits home and abroad. The cobalt mineral resources in the whole world are very plentiful, but they distribute comparatively concentrated. The copper-cobalt deposits hosted in the sedimentary sandstone and the cobalt-bearing magmatic Cu-Ni sulphide deposits are two kinds of the most important cobalt deposits. Although cobalt is often occurred in Cu-Ni, Cu and Fe deposits as an associated metal, and some studies at abroad mainly focused on the stratabound cobalt deposits, many different element assemblages, different genetic types cobalt deposits have been found in eastern part of the north margin of the North China platform, central China orogenic belt and western Jiangxi province in recent years and most of them are independent or cobalt is major and other elements are secondary. The great developments of cobalt deposit exploration not only have a very important significance in theory on opening up studying mineralization of the cobalt deposit but also have a momentous current significance on making up insufficient supply of cobalt mineral resources for a long time in our country.