The paper discusses the attributes of the Permian sequence boundaries and the inner architectures of the sequences in the western Junggar Basin. Six types of sequence boundaries have been identified and described, which are: (1) truncation angular unconformity, (2) truncation unconformity, (3) erosional truncation unconformity, (4) erosional truncation onlap unconformity, (5) erosion onlap unconformity, and (6) onlap boundary. Based on the above study, six third-order sequences have been identified, and a model of the evolutionary succession of the Permian volcanic-sedimentary basin of the study area is suggested. Four third-order sequences in the Early Permian are the result of the evolution of the volcanic-sedimentary basin, which was coupled with the evolution of the residual sea (i. e. the early-stage foreland basin). The time-space stacking of two third-order sequences developed in the Middle and Late Permian was coupled with the late evolution of the foreland basin. The stacking of the third-order sequences is a material record of the foreland basin evolution as well as its response, while the basin evolution will accompany the formation and distribution of the volcanic-sedimentary sequences.