We are grateful to the BSD instrument (www.beishide.com) for the test of hydrogen adsorption and Shiyanjia Lab (www.shiyanjia.com) for the SEM. This research is funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFA0708504), the National Science Foundation of China (42090025), the National Postdoctoral Researcher Funding Program (GZB20240009), and the American Association of Petroleum Geologists Foundation for the year 2023.