湘东锡田印支期与燕山期花岗岩特性对比及对成矿潜力差异的控制
doi: 10.19762/j.cnki.dizhixuebao.2024288
郭峰1,2,3 , 卢友月1,4 , 付建明1,4 , 郭俊刚2 , 张飞2 , 程顺波1,4 , 张遵遵1,4 , 张顺新2 , 安邦1,4 , 张忠禹2
1. 中国地质调查局花岗岩成岩成矿地质研究中心,湖北武汉, 430205
2. 中国地质科学院郑州矿产综合利用研究所,河南郑州, 450006
3. 中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京, 100083
4. 中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心,湖北武汉, 430205
基金项目: 本文为中国地质调查局花岗岩成岩成矿地质研究中心开放基金课题(编号PM202310)、国家重点研发计划(编号2024YFC2910102)、国家自然科学基金项目(编号U2344206)和中国地质调查项目(编号DD20250208801)联合资助的成果
A comparison of characteristics of Indosinian and Yanshanian granites and their control on the different W-Sn mineralization potential in Xitian region, eastern Hunan Province
GUO Feng1,2,3 , LU Youyue1,4 , FU Jianming1,4 , GUO Jungang2 , ZHANG Fei2 , CHENG Shunbo1,4 , ZHANG Zunzun1,4 , ZHANG Shunxin2 , AN Bang1,4 , ZHANG Zhongyu2
1. Research Center of Granitic Diagenesis and Mineralization, China Geological Survey, Wuhan, Hubei 430205 , China
2. Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resource, Chinese Academy of Geologecal Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450006 , China
3. School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083 , China ; 4) Wuhan Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Wuhan, Hubei 430205 , China
摘要
湘东锡田发育多期次岩浆活动与钨锡成矿作用,其中印支期花岗岩成矿作用较弱,燕山期花岗岩成矿作用强烈,但导致两期花岗岩成矿强弱差异的因素尚不清楚。本文选取该区印支期和燕山期花岗岩作为研究对象,开展锆石U-Pb年代学、锆石Lu-Hf同位素、岩石地球化学及矿物成分对比研究。结果表明,两期花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为240.0±1.3 Ma和152.9±1.0 Ma,分别属于印支期和燕山期。两期花岗岩均具有富铝,贫镁,Rb、K、U、Th相对富集,Ti、P、Sr、Ba、Nb相对亏损的特征。印支期和燕山期花岗岩的锆石εHf(t)值均集中分布于-7.0~-5.0,熔融温度均大于750℃,锆石tDM2值分别集中于1.70~1.65 Ga和1.55~1.60 Ga,暗示均为古元古代古老地壳高温部分熔融产物,但燕山期花岗岩的源岩更年轻。印支期和燕山期花岗岩的全岩Zr/Hf比值分别为26.10~36.25和7.01~22.69,Nb/Ta比值分别为3.86~7.64和1.15~3.87,暗示均经历了高分异演化过程;锆石氧逸度ΔFMQ值分别为-0.42~2.61、-2.33~-0.08,黑云母Ⅳ(F)值分别为1.15~1.26、0.71~0.87,暗示燕山期花岗岩具有更低的氧逸度和更高的F富集程度。因此,更加富集的岩浆源区、更低的岩浆氧逸度和更加富集F元素是燕山期花岗岩较印支期具有更大钨锡成矿潜力的重要原因。
Abstract
There are multiperiodic magmationand W-Sn mineralization in Xitian region, eastern Hunan Province, the Indosinian granite mineralization is relatively weak, while the Yanshanian granite mineralization is pronounced. The critical factors controlling the difference in the potential of W-Sn mineralization between the two periods of granite are still unclear. In this paper, we report zircon U-Pb chronology, zircon Lu-Hf isotope data, whole rock geochemistry and mineral composition for Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region. The zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating yielded magmatic crystallization ages of 240.0±1.3 Ma and 152.9±1.0 Ma, corresponding to the Indosinian and Yanshanian periods, respectively. Both periods of granite are characterized by high Al2O3 contents, low MgO contents, enriched in Rb, K, U, Th and depleted in Ti, P, Sr, Ba, Nb. The zircon εHf(t) values (concentrated between -7.0 and -5.0) and melting temperature(>750℃) of the two periods of granite are similar, the zircon tDM2 values of Indosinian granite and Yanshanian granite are concentrated at 1.65~1.70 Ga, 1.55~1.60 Ga, suggesting a magmatic source which was partial melting of ancient crust of the Paleoproterozoic at high temperature, but the source rocks of the Yanshanian granites are younger than Indosinian granites. The whole-rock Zr/Hf ratios of Indosinian and Yanshanian granite are 26.10~36.25 and 7.01~22.69, and the Nb/Ta ratios are 3.86~7.64 and 1.15~3.87, suggesting that both of them have experienced high differentiation evolution. The magma oxygen fugacity of the Indosinian granite (ΔFMQ=-0.42~2.61) is higher than that of the Yanshanian granite (ΔFMQ=-2.33~-0.08). The Ⅳ(F) of biotite indicates that Indosinian granites have lower concentration of F (Ⅳ(F)=1.15~1.26) than Yanshanian granites (Ⅳ(F)=0.71~0.87). Consequently, more enriched magmatic source region, lower oxygen fugacity and higher F abundance may be the main reasons why Yanshanian granites have more pronounced mineralization than Indosinian granites.
湘东锡田地区发现一批与花岗岩关系密切的大中型钨锡多金属矿而受到广泛关注(蔡新华等,2006曹荆亚,2016周云等,2021),该区位于南岭成矿带中段北缘,发育多期次岩浆活动形成的复式花岗岩体,岩体出露面积约240 km2付建明等,2012)。复式岩体的主体为印支期花岗岩(牛睿等,2015),补体为燕山期花岗岩,后者以岩株、岩枝形式穿插于印支期花岗岩中(苏红中等,2015)。两期花岗岩成矿元素差异明显:燕山期花岗岩较印支期花岗岩W含量高3~5倍,Sn含量高5~9倍(Guo Chunli et al.,2024);区内大中型矿床多与燕山期花岗岩相关,而印支期花岗岩极少形成规模矿床(柏道远等,2007)。
花岗岩能否成矿及形成何种矿床主要取决于岩浆源区性质、岩浆结晶分异程度和岩浆演化物理化学条件(吴福元等,2023)。成矿元素的初始富集是花岗岩能够成矿的重要基础。在还原条件下,岩浆结晶分异作用可以使锡等成矿元素在花岗岩熔体/流体中不断富集。F、Cl等挥发分的升高可显著降低岩浆的固相线及黏滞度,有助于钨锡成矿元素最终富集成矿(Fei Xianghui et al.,20182022; Wang Meng et al.,2020)。前人对锡田两期岩浆成矿潜力差异原因开展了一些研究,多集中于全岩地球化学分析,认为燕山期花岗岩较印支期具有更大的分异程度和更多幔源物质混入,对成矿更加有利(何苗等,2018刘飚等,2022),但对岩浆演化的物理化学条件及其与钨锡元素的富集、迁移等过程关系的研究仍然较少。锡田地区荷树下钨锡矿床发育两期花岗岩,其中印支期花岗岩与碳酸盐岩接触带的矽卡岩型钨锡矿床品位较低,而燕山花岗岩与碳酸盐岩接触带为钨锡矿的富集地段,是研究两期花岗岩成矿潜力差异的理想对象。
本文以锡田地区荷树下钨锡矿印支期和燕山期花岗岩为研究对象,系统开展了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素、全岩地球化学、矿物地球化学等研究,探讨岩浆源区性质、岩浆演化物理化学条件和结晶分异程度对两期花岗岩成矿潜力差异的控制。锆石和黑云母是花岗岩中常见矿物,能很好记录结晶时温度、氧逸度、挥发分等物理化学条件,对岩浆性质以及成矿过程具有重要的指示意义(鲍新尚等,2019),本文重点开展矿物地球化学分析,探讨岩浆演化过程对钨锡等成矿元素富集的影响。
1 地质背景
锡田地区位于湖南省东部,属南岭钨锡多金属成矿带中段北缘,大地构造位于扬子陆块和华夏陆块的结合部位(周云等,2021)(图1a)。区内出露的地层主要有泥盆系和石炭系,岩性以浅海相碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩和黏土岩为主,在石炭系中夹有滨海沼泽相碎屑含煤岩系,其中泥盆系中统棋梓桥组、泥盆系上统锡矿山组下段的不纯碳酸盐岩分布广泛,为区内矽卡岩型钨锡矿床的主要赋矿层位(董超阁,2018)。锡田地区经历了印支期和燕山期等多期构造运动,形成了ENE向、NNE向以及近SN向断裂,它们构成了矿区基本构造格局,为重要的控岩控矿构造。区内岩浆活动强烈,由40余个复式岩体组成,出露面积240 km2付建明等,2012),主要岩性为似斑状黑云母花岗岩、细粒二云母花岗岩、白云母花岗岩和黑云母花岗岩,形成于印支期(233~220 Ma)和燕山期(161~147 Ma)。区内已发现钨锡矿脉100多条,分布在垄上、荷树下、狗打栏等矿床(图1b)。主要矿石类型为矽卡岩型和云英岩-石英脉型,其中矽卡岩型矿体产于花岗岩与碳酸盐岩接触带内外矽卡岩中,典型代表为垄上矿床21号矿体,荷树下矿床30、31号矿体;含矿云英岩-石英脉穿切花岗岩进入到地层,典型代表为荷树下矿床32号矿体(付建明等,2009)。钨锡多金属成矿与复式岩体具有时空耦合关系,大规模的石英脉型与矽卡岩型钨锡矿化主要与燕山期岩体有关,如垄上钨锡矿床白云母40Ar/39Ar等时线年龄为155.4±1.7 Ma,156.5±1.7 Ma(马丽艳等,2008);荷树下钨锡矿床白云母40Ar/39Ar等时线年龄为149.5±0.8 Ma(Cao Jingya et al.,2018),辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为150.0±2.7 Ma(刘国庆等,2008);狗打栏钨锡矿床白云母40Ar/39Ar等时线年龄为149.4±1.5 Ma,辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为150.3±0.5 Ma(Liang Xinquan et al.,2016)。然而,印支期花岗岩仅发育少量的小型矽卡岩型钨多金属矿床,如合江口钨锡矿床辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为225.5±3.6 Ma(邓湘伟等,2015)。
锡田印支期花岗岩被认为是对后碰撞软流圈上涌和岩石圈伸展的响应(姚远等,2013),属于S型花岗岩,由古元古代变质基底中的变质页岩和变质砂岩重熔产生(Wu Qianhong et al.,2016);而燕山期花岗岩则是俯冲消减引起的弧后拉张的环境,由变质基底岩石的部分熔融产生(Zhou Yun et al.,2015),花岗岩中含有暗色包体,暗示在成岩过程中可能受到了地幔物质的影响(宋宏星等,2022)。锡田地区成矿流体具有高温、高盐度、高氧逸度和富的CO2组分等特征,流体不混溶被认为是钨锡矿物沉淀的最重要因素(周云等,2021王旭东等,2023)。
2 样品特征和分析方法
2.1 样品特征
通过详细的野外调研和矿区地质资料分析,认为荷树下钨锡矿区存在两期岩浆活动,早期侵入体呈岩基产出,为锡田岩体的主体;晚期侵入体以岩株、岩脉穿插于早期花岗岩和地层中,为锡田岩体的补体。测试样品采自采矿坑道,样品均新鲜,无蚀变,其中样品D86-1、D83-5采自主体,样品D83-7、D83-3采自补体,具体采样位置见图1b
样品D86-1、D83-5岩性为细粒斑状二长花岗岩(图2a、b),灰白色,似斑状结构,块状构造,斑晶主要为斜长石(1%~5%)和石英(2%~5%),粒径2~5 mm,斜长石呈半自形板状,石英呈不规则粒状;基质为斜长石(35%~40%)、钾长石(35%~40%)、石英(20%~25%)及黑云母(3%~5%),粒径0.5~1 mm(图2c)。样品D83-7、D83-3岩性为细粒黑云母花岗岩,与矽卡岩矿体相互穿插(图2d、e),灰白色,细粒花岗结构,主要由斜长石(45%~50%)、钾长石(20%~30%)、石英(20%~25%)及黑云母(5%~7%)组成,粒径0.5~1 mm;斜长石呈半自形板状,可见聚片双晶;钾长石为半自形板状,星散状分布;石英为他形粒状,杂乱分布;黑云母呈黄褐色片状(图2f)。
1南岭造山带构造简图(a,据周云等,2021)和锡田地区地质简图(b,据牛睿等,2015
Fig.1Simplified tectonic divisions of the Nanling Orogenic Belt (a, after Zhou Yun et al., 2021) and geological map of the Xitian region (b, after Niu Rui et al., 2015)
2锡田地区细粒斑状二长花岗岩(a~c)、细粒黑云母花岗岩(d~f)手标本和镜下照片
Fig.2Hand specimens and microscopic photographs of fine grained porphyritic monzonite granites (a~c) and fine grained porphyritic monzonite granite (d~f) in Xitian region
镜下均为正交偏光: Qtz—石英;Kfs—钾长石;Pl—斜长石;Bt—黑云母
Cross-polarized light: Qtz—quartz; Kfs—potassium feldspar; Pl—plagioclase; Bt—biotite
2.2 分析方法
样品送至武汉上谱分析科技有限责任公司进行碎样、磨制探针片,挑选锆石、黑云母单矿物进行制靶与阴极发光照相。
锆石U-Pb定年和微量元素测试在武汉上谱分析科技有限责任公司利用LA-ICP-MS完成。激光剥蚀系统由COMPexPro 102 ArF193 nm准分子激光器和MicroLas光学系统组成,ICP-MS型号为Agilent 7900。分析的激光束斑为32 μm,频率为8 Hz。锆石U-Pb定年和微量元素含量处理中采用锆石标准91500和玻璃标准物质NIST610作外标进行同位素和微量元素分馏校正,分析数据的离线处理采用软件ICPMSDataCal完成(Liu Yongsheng et al.,2008)。锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图的绘制和加权平均年龄的计算均采用Isoplot完成。
锆石Hf同位素测试在武汉上谱分析科技有限责任公司LA-MC-ICP-MS完成,激光剥蚀系统为Geolas HD,MC-ICP-MS为Neptune Plus,分析的激光束斑直径为44 μm,频率为8 Hz。176Yb和176Lu对176Hf的干扰分别采用176Yb/173Yb=0.79639和176Lu/175Lu=0.02656校正。详细的仪器设置和分析流程请见Liu Yongsheng et al.(2010)Hu Zhaochu et al.(2012)
全岩主量和微量元素分析在自然资源部中南矿产资源监督检测中心完成。主量元素测试使用的仪器为波长色散X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF),分析精度为0.1%~1%。微量元素测试使用的仪器为Thermo X series 2型电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS),分析精度为1%。
黑云母主量元素分析在武汉上谱分析科技有限责任公司利用JEOL JXA8230电子探针(EPMA)完成,工作条件为15 kV加速电压,10 nA加速电流,3 μm束斑直径,所有测试数据都进行了ZAF修正。黑云母原位微量元素分析在GeoLas HD LA-ICP-MS完成,等离子体质谱仪为Agilent 7900,激光束斑直径44 μm,频率5 Hz。具体分析条件及实验流程详见文献Liu Yongsheng et al.(2008)
3 分析结果
3.1 锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学
锆石CL图像显示,细粒斑状二长花岗岩(D83-5)锆石多呈短柱状—长柱状,晶体完好,长45~150 μm,长宽比1∶1~4∶1,大部分有明显的振荡环带,少数呈均一灰色与灰黑色。细粒黑云母花岗岩(D83-3)锆石多数为自形晶,少数为他形晶,长50~190 μm,长宽比1∶1~5∶1,大部分锆石发育清晰的振荡环带,少数呈均一灰黑色(图3)。
测试分析结果见表1,细粒斑状二长花岗岩锆石Th/U比值为0.10~3.15(平均值0.55),细粒黑云母花岗岩锆石Th/U比值为0.06~0.92(平均值0.24),均表现为典型的岩浆锆石特征(Belousova et al.,2002)。本次测点的数据点沿水平方向不同程度的偏离谐和线(图4a、c),这一分布特征在相对年轻的锆石中较为常见,其主要原因是由于年轻锆石中的207Pb丰度较低而难以测准,另一方面也可能与锆石中存在微量普通铅有关(Yuan Honglin et al.,2003)。本次测试的细粒斑状二长花岗岩21个锆石点年龄值为642~82 Ma,除点1、4、8、10、11、13和14外,其余14个点均集中242~238 Ma之间,变化幅度较小,由14个相对集中测点的数据所得出的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为240.0±1.3 Ma(MSWD=0.44)(图4a、b),反映成岩时代属于中三叠世,为印支期岩浆活动的产物。本次测试的细粒黑云母花岗岩25个锆石点年龄值为229~137 Ma,除点2、3、5、9、15、16、18、20和23外,其余16个点均集中155~150 Ma之间,变化幅度较小,由14个相对集中测点的数据所得出的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为152.9±1.0 Ma(MSWD=1.30)(图4c、d),反映成岩时代属晚侏罗世,为燕山期岩浆活动的产物。
3锡田地区细粒斑状二长花岗岩(a)和细粒黑云母花岗岩(b)代表性锆石CL照片
Fig.3CL images of representative zircons from fine grained porphyritic monzonite granite (a) and fine grained biotite granite (b) in Xitian region
红色圆圈表示年龄测点位置,红色字体表示U-Pb年龄值(Ma);绿色圆圈表示Hf测点位置,绿色字体表示Hf值
The red circles indicate spots of age measurement spots, the red font indicates U-Pb age (Ma) ; the green circles indicate the spots of Hf measurement spots, the green font indicates the Hf value
4锡田地区花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄图
Fig.4U-Pb age diagrams of zircons for the granites in Xitian region
(a)—细粒斑状二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb谐和图;(b)—细粒斑状二长花岗岩的加权平均年龄图;(c)—细粒黑云母花岗岩的锆石U-Pb谐和图;(d)—细粒黑云母花岗岩的加权平均年龄图
(a) —zircon U-Pb concordia diagram of the fine grained porphyritic monzonite granite; (b) —weighted average age diagram of the fine grained porphyritic monzonite granite; (c) —zircon U-Pb concordia diagram of the fine grained biotite granite; (d) —weighted average age diagram of the fine grained biotite granite
3.2 锆石Lu-Hf同位素
在锆石U-Pb年代学测试基础上,对相同颗粒锆石进行原位Lu-Hf同位素分析,分析结果见表2。印支期花岗岩176Lu/177Hf比值为0.000626~0.003106(平均值0.001388),燕山期花岗岩176Lu/177Hf比值为0.001679~0.007787(平均值0.002760),代表放射成因的Hf贡献极低,因此测定的初始176Hf/177Hf值代表锆石形成Hf的比值(吴福元等,2007)。印支期花岗岩的176Hf/177Hf比值为0.282423~0.282480(平均值0.282452), εHft)值为-7.3~-5.5(平均值-6.3),地壳模式年龄tDM2为1.73~1.62 Ga(平均值1.66 Ga)。燕山期花岗岩的176Hf/177Hf比值为0.282443~0.282585(平均值0.282521),εHft)值为-8.5~-3.5(平均值-5.8),地壳模式年龄tDM2为1.74~1.42 Ga(平均值1.57 Ga)。
1锡田地区细粒斑状二长花岗岩和细粒黑云母花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb分析结果
Table1The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb analysis results of zircons from the fine grained porphyritic monzonite granite and fine grained biotite granite in Xitian region
续表1
注:普通铅用208Pb校正,带*的为离群点,未参与计算。
2锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩锆石Hf同位素分析结果
Table2The Hf isotopic analysis results of zircon from the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
3.3 全岩地球化学组成
花岗岩主微量元素分析结果见表3。印支期花岗岩SiO2含量为67.80%~74.06%,Al2O3含量为13.15%~15.45%,MgO含量为0.40%~1.00%,全碱含量(K2O+Na2O)为6.81%~8.80%,A/CNK为1.00~1.17,分异指数DI为79.38~87.64。燕山期花岗岩SiO2含量为73.96%~76.24%,Al2O3含量为12.22%~13.84%,MgO含量为0.03%~0.21%,全碱含量(K2O+Na2O)为7.36%~8.40%,A/CNK为1.02~1.15,分异指数DI为89.92~93.56。A/NK-A/CNK图解(图5a)和K2O-SiO2图解(图5b)显示两期花岗岩均属过铝质高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列。
印支期花岗岩ΣREE为196.66×10-6~378.66×10-6,LREE/HREE为7.66~19.90,负Eu异常较明显(Eu/Eu*=0.17~0.68),在稀土元素配分图上呈平缓的“右倾海鸥”型(图6a)。燕山期花岗岩ΣREE为176.57×10-6~357.73×10-6,LREE/HREE为2.14~5.03,负Eu异常明显(Eu/Eu*=0.00~0.06),在稀土元素配分图上呈平坦的“右倾海鸥”型(图6a)。原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(图6b)显示,印支期与燕山期花岗岩样品特征类似,均富集Rb、K、U、Th元素,亏损Ti、P、Sr、Ba、Nb元素。
3.4 锆石微量元素特征
锆石中可能含有磷灰石、榍石等矿物,这些以包裹体形式存在的含REE矿物会影响锆石中REE含量(Zou Xinyu et al.,2019降珂楠等,2024),本文选择La含量小于70×10-6的锆石开展原位分析(表4)。印支期花岗岩中锆石ΣREE为1932.26×10-6~4075.09×10-6,轻重稀土比值(LREE/HREE)为0.03~0.23,Eu异常(Eu/Eu*)为0.12~0.45;燕山期花岗中锆石ΣREE为4364.44×10-6~11146.63×10-6,轻重稀土比值(LREE/HREE)为0.01~0.05,Eu异常(Eu/Eu*)为0.02~0.13。印支期和燕山期花岗岩均具有轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集、明显Eu负异常的左倾谱型特征(图7a),与典型的岩浆锆石稀土元素配分模式一致(丁磊磊等,2022),且燕山期较印支期Eu异常更为明显(图7b),与全岩地球化学显示的Eu异常特征一致。
3锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩主量元素(%)、稀土元素(×10-6)和微量元素(×10-6)分析结果
Table3Major (%) , rare earth (×10-6) and trace (×10-6) element compositions of the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
5锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩A/NK-A/CNK(a,据Maniar and Piccoli,1989)和 K2O-SiO2图解(b,据Rickwood,1989
Fig.5A/NK-A/CNK diagram (a, after Maniar and Piccoli, 1989) and K2O-SiO2 diagram (b, after Rickwood, 1989) of the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
印支期花岗岩前人数据引自Wu Qianhong et al.(2016);燕山期花岗岩前人数据引自Zhou Yun et al.(2015)
The previous data on Indosinian granite were cited from Wu Qianhong et al. (2016) ; the previous data on Yanshanian granite were cited from Zhou Yun et al. (2015)
6锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩稀土配分图(a)及微量元素蛛网图(b)(球粒陨石标准化值和原始地幔标准化值据Sun and McDonough,1989
Fig.6Chondrite-normalize REE diagrams (a) and primitive mantle-normalized spider diagram (b) of the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites (data of chondrite and primitive mantle were from Sun and McDonough, 1989) in Xitian region
印支期花岗岩前人数据引自Wu Qianhong et al.(2016);燕山期花岗岩前人数据引自Zhou Yun et al.(2015)
The previous data on Indosinian granite were cited from Wu Qianhong et al. (2016) ; the previous data on Yanshanian granite were cited from Zhou Yun et al. (2015)
3.5 黑云母主微量元素特征
黑云母主、微量元素分析结果见表5,以22个氧原子为标准计算黑云母的阳离子数,Li2O含量根据Tischendorfi et al.(1997)公式计算,Li2O=[2.1/(0.356+MgO)]-0.088。印支期花岗岩中黑云母具有相对较低的SiO2(38.00%~38.82%)、Al2O3(20.10%~20.51%)、F(1.99%~2.39%)和较高的TiO2(1.49%~1.73%)、TFeO(16.94%~17.37%)、MgO(5.33%~5.99%)含量。燕山期花岗岩中黑云母具相对较高的SiO2(39.92%~41.42%)、Al2O3(23.03%~23.26%)、F(2.12%~2.83%)和较低的TiO2(1.24%~1.46%)、TFeO(14.57%~16.22%)、MgO(1.29%~1.49%)含量。在云母种类判别图中,印支期花岗岩黑云母投影点落在富铁黑云母的区域范围内,而燕山期花岗岩黑云母投点落在铁叶黑云母区域(图8a)。根据Li Xiaoyan et al.(2020)运用机器学习建立的黑云母阳离子计算方法,获得锡田花岗岩黑云母中的FeO全部为二价铁,在Fe2+-Mg-Fe3+氧逸度判别图中,印支期和燕山期花岗岩黑云母的投影点均落在FMQ缓冲线以下(图8b)。
4锡田地区印支期花岗岩和燕山期花岗岩中锆石微量元素(×10-6)分析结果
Table4The analysis results of zircon trace elements (×10-6) from the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
注:锆石Ti温度计公式为: lgTi=6.01±0.03-(5080±30)/T(K)(Watson and Harrison,2005);氧逸度计算公式为lgfO2(样品)-lgfO2(FMQ)=3.998(±0.124)×lg(Ce/ Ui×Ti)+2.284(±0.101),其中Ui代表锆石结晶时U含量(Loucks et al.,2020)。
7锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩锆石稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图(a,球粒陨石标准值据Sun and McDonough,1989)及锆石Eu*/Eu-Hf图解(b)
Fig.7Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a, normalization values after Sun and McDonough, 1989) and Eu*/Eu-Hf content diagram (b) of zircons from the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
印支期和燕山期花岗岩黑云母富集Nb、Ta、W、Sn、Li、Rb、Cs等元素,而稀土元素多位于检测限以下。印支期花岗岩中黑云母Nb元素含量为83.68×10-6~146.01×10-6,Ta元素含量为9.42×10-6~34.36×10-6,W元素含量为36.83×10-6~57.17×10-6,Sn元素含量为149.77×10-6~173.59×10-6,Li元素含量为3817.89×10-6~4531.99×10-6,Rb元素含量为4279.37×10-6~4752.37×10-6,Cs元素含量为353.96×10-6~1586.37×10-6,K/Rb比值为15.71~18.36。燕山期花岗岩中的黑云母Nb元素含量为363.84×10-6~553.42×10-6,Ta元素含量为65.76×10-6~104.72×10-6,W元素含量为66.22×10-6~86.43×10-6,Sn元素含量为208.41×10-6~247.85×10-6,Li元素含量为8805.30×10-6~10428.35×10-6,Rb元素含量为6031.38×10-6~6959.48×10-6,Cs元素含量为466.57×10-6~933.60×10-6,K/Rb比值为11.49~13.19。印支期花岗岩较燕山期具有更低的Nb、Ta、W、Sn和Li元素含量,相似的Cs元素含量,更高的K/Rb比值(图9)。
4 讨论
4.1 花岗岩与钨锡成矿关系
本文的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,锡田地区细粒斑状二长花岗岩的成岩年龄为240.0±1.3 Ma,细粒黑云母花岗岩的成岩年龄为152.9±1.0 Ma,MSWD值均较小,年龄可靠,分别对应中三叠世和晚侏罗世。前人的研究表明,锡田地区规模较大的侵入体为复式岩体主体,规模较小的侵入体为补体,获得主体花岗岩年龄为230±2 Ma、226.0±2.8 Ma、220.9±0.6 Ma,补体赋矿花岗岩年龄为147±3 Ma、152.8±1.1 Ma、154.4±0.7 Ma(马铁球等,2005付建明等,2012;Cao Jingya et al.2018;姚远等,2013)。锡田地区黑云母花岗岩和细粒花岗岩的定年结果显示,该地区存在晚三叠世(233~225 Ma)和晚侏罗世(154~147 Ma)两期岩浆活动(牛睿等,2015苏红中等,2015)。综合前人和本次研究获得的成岩时代数据,锡田印支期花岗岩的侵位时限为240~220 Ma,燕山期花岗岩的侵位时限为161~147 Ma(图10),后者与华南地区中生代大规模岩浆作用高峰期(160~150 Ma)一致(伍式崇等,2012张遵遵等,2022)。
5锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩黑云母EPMA主量元素(%)和LA-ICP-MS微量元素(×10-6)分析结果
Table5EPMA major element data (%) and LA-ICP MS trace element data (×10-6) of biotite from the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
续表5
注: Si、Al、Al、Ti、Fe3+、Fe2+、Mn、Mg、Ca、Na、K以22个氧为基准计算的阳离子数;IV(F)、IV(Cl)和 IV(F/Cl)的计算方法据Munoz(1984)
8锡田地区印支期与燕山期花岗岩黑云母(FeT+Mn+Ti-Al)-(Mg-Li)分类图解(a,据Tischendorfi et al.,1987);黑云母Fe2+-Mg-Fe3+图解(b,据Wones and Eugster,1965
Fig.8(FeT+Mn+Ti-Al) - (Mg-Li) classification diagram of biotite (a, after Tischendorfi et al., 1987) and Fe2+-Mg-Fe3+ diagram of biotite (b, after Wones and Eugster, 1965) from Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
9锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩黑云母微量元素特征图
Fig.9The diagrams of trace element compositions of biotite from Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
前人对锡田地区钨锡矿成矿时代进行了限定(图10),获得垄上、荷树下和桐木山等规模较大的钨锡矿床辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为150.0±2.7 Ma、160±3.2 Ma、150.3±0.5 Ma(刘国庆等,2008郭春丽等,2014Liang Xinquan et al.,2016);石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr等时线年龄为153±12 Ma、152.4±1.5 Ma和148.1±1.4 Ma(付建明等,2012Bai Xiujuan et al.,2022);白云母40Ar/39Ar等时线年龄为155.4±1.7 Ma、149.4±1.5 Ma、156.5±1.7 Ma(马丽艳等,2008Liang Xinquan et al.,2016)。而矿化较弱,规模较小的合江口矽卡岩型钨锡矿的辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为225.5±3.6 Ma(邓湘伟等,2015);石榴子石U-Pb年龄为231.7±1.3 Ma(Kang Fan et al.,2023)。
上述的年代学研究显示,锡田钨锡矿床的成矿年龄与燕山期花岗岩在误差范围内一致,为南岭成矿带燕山早期大规模成矿高峰期(160~150 Ma)的产物(伍式崇等,2012卢友月等,2018张遵遵等,2022李剑锋等,2023)。野外地质调查显示,锡田钨锡矿体主要发育在岩株、岩脉与碳酸盐岩接触带内外矽卡岩中,表明锡田地区钨锡成矿作用与燕山期花岗岩空间关系联系紧密。此外,锡田燕山期花岗岩较印支期花岗岩W含量高3~5倍,Sn含量高5~9倍,亦表明锡田燕山期花岗岩为成矿提供了更为有利的条件(Guo Chunli et al.,2024)。
10锡田地区成岩与成矿年龄对比
Fig.10Comparison of diagenetic age and metallogenic age in Xitian region
4.2 岩浆源区性质及熔融温度
锡田印支期花岗岩εHft)值变化范围为-7.3~-5.5,集中分布于-7.0~-5.0,平均值为-6.3;燕山期花岗岩εHft)值变化范围为-8.5~-3.5,同样集中分布于-7.0~-5.0,平均值为-5.8(图11),暗示印支期和燕山期花岗岩均主要来自地壳的部分熔融。印支期花岗岩锆石二阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2)为1.73~1.62 Ga,集中分布于1.65~1.70 Ga,平均值1.66 Ga;燕山期花岗岩锆石二阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2)为1.74~1.42 Ga,集中分布于1.55~1.60 Ga,平均值1.57 Ga,显示燕山期较印支期花岗岩的源岩更加年轻(图12)。综上,锡田印支期和燕山期花岗岩均为古元古代变质沉积岩的部分熔融,印支期花岗岩(240~220 Ma)的源区经过70多个Ma的演化,形成了燕山期花岗岩(161~147 Ma)的岩浆源区,此时地壳组分发生了变化,更加富集不相容的W、Sn元素,导致燕山期更容易成矿(Guo Chunli et al.,2024)。
岩浆源区部分熔融温度可能对岩浆钨锡成矿潜力具有重要控制作用(Zhao Panlao et al.,2022)。由于锆石具有高度稳定性且在花岗质岩浆体系中结晶较早,常被用作估算岩浆源区部分熔融温度的副矿物。利用锆石估算结晶温度目前主要有两种方法,分别是锆石Ti温度计(Watson and Harrison,2005)和全岩锆饱和温度计(Watson and Harrison,1983)。
Watson and Harrison(2005)根据锆石中Ti含量与温度之间的对数线性变化关系,提出锆石Ti温度计公式为: lgTi=6.01±0.03-(5080±30)/TT为温度(单位K)。Watson and Harrison(1983)根据锆石的溶解度、温度和熔体主要元素组成之间的关系,提出全岩锆饱和温度为: TZr=12900/(2.95+0.85M+ln(496000/Zr熔体)),其中M=(Na+K+2Ca)/(A1×Si)的阳离子系数,Zr熔体为熔体中Zr的含量,T为开尔文温度,单位K。本文根据锆石Ti温度计获得印支期花岗岩锆石结晶温度为710~903℃,燕山期花岗岩锆石结晶温度为679~987℃(表4)。根据全岩锆饱和温度计获得印支期花岗岩锆石结晶温度为760~802℃,燕山期花岗岩锆石结晶温度为763~814℃(表3)。
11锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩锆石εHft)-年龄图解(a,据Xu Bin et al.,2015
Fig.11εHf (t) -age diagram of zircon (a, after Xu Bin et al., 2015) from the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
12锡田地区印支期(a)和燕山期(b)花岗岩锆石Hf模式年龄统计直方图
Fig.12Hf model ages of zircons from the Indosinian (a) and Yanshanian (b) granites in Xitian region
岩浆演化过程锆石结晶温度不断降低,最高锆石Ti温度和全岩锆饱和温度可近似代表岩浆源区的初始温度(韩军等,2010温程明等,2023)。印支期和燕山期花岗岩锆石Ti温度最高分别为903℃和987℃,全岩锆饱和温度最高分别为802℃和814℃,显示两期花岗岩具有相似的部分熔融温度,均高于钨锡成矿花岗岩源区云母脱水熔融温度条件(约750℃)(Yuan Shunda et al.,2019)。高温有利于源区中富钨锡矿物的分解,促进初始岩浆中钨锡的富集(Zhao Panlao et al.,2022)。因此岩浆源区的部分熔融温度不是导致两期花岗岩成矿潜力差异的主要控制因素。
4.3 结晶分异程度
部分熔融与结晶分异是花岗岩体成分变化的关键机制(Gao Peng et al.,2016)。部分熔融理论认为,地壳发生部分熔融,初期形成的是接近花岗岩体系最低共结点的富硅花岗岩,随着温度升高或熔融程度升高,岩浆成分逐渐偏离最低共结点而向镁铁质方向演化(Wu Fuyuan et al.,2017)。然而,锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩均存在由早期到晚期“粒度变细、石英增加、黑云母等暗色矿物减少”的规律(牛睿等,2015),这与部分熔融作用的理论预测不符,表明结晶分异作用是花岗岩体成分变化的主导机制。
Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta为不相容元素,赋存于锆石、金红石和云母中,Zr/Hf、Nb/Ta比值在岩浆体系中稳定,但岩浆分异时显著减小(于志琪等,2023)。锡田印支期和燕山期花岗岩中的Zr/Hf、Nb/Ta比值随着Zr含量降低均呈现下降趋势(图13a图13b),表明岩浆演化过程中均经历了锆石、金红石和云母等矿物的分离结晶(图13c)。全岩Zr/Hf<38和Nb/Ta<17可用于识别高分异花岗岩(Wu Fuyuan et al.,2017),锡田印支期花岗岩Zr/Hf比值为26.10~36.25,Nb/Ta比值为3.86~7.64;燕山期花岗岩分异指数Zr/Hf值为7.01~22.69,Nb/Ta比值为1.15~3.87,显示两期花岗岩结晶分异程度均较高。
印支期花岗岩黑云母K/Rb比值(15.71~18.36)与燕山期花岗岩中黑云母(11.49~13.19)接近,黑云母均具有较高的W、Sn含量(图9c、d),与典型的钨锡成矿岩体中的黑云母W、Sn含量类似,显示两期花岗岩浆均经历了高分异演化过程(Sun Keke et al.,2019)。此外,印支期和燕山期花岗岩由相似的岩石类型组成,均主要为似斑状黑云母花岗岩、黑云母二长花岗岩、细粒花岗岩等(牛睿等,2015),两期花岗岩最终结晶分异阶段的细粒花岗岩具有相似的结构和矿物组合,暗示它们经历了相似程度的结晶分异(Guo Chunli et al.,2024)。
综上,结晶分异程度不能解释燕山期花岗岩为何较印支期花岗岩具有更大的成矿潜力。
4.4 岩浆氧逸度
氧逸度显著影响岩浆分离结晶时锡的地球化学行为(Candela,1992吴福元等,2023)。锆石组成记录了岩浆演化早期的岩浆氧逸度,黑云母组分可以记录岩浆演化晚期的岩浆氧逸度。本文利用锆石和黑云母开展了氧逸度研究。
Loucks et al.(2020)提出使用锆石中Ce、Ti含量及初始U含量的岩浆氧逸度计算公式: lgfO2(样品)-lgfO2(FMQ)=3.998(±0.124)×lg(Ce/ Ui×Ti)+2.284(±0.101)。计算结果显示印支期花岗岩氧逸度ΔFMQ为-0.42~2.61,平均值为0.97,燕山期花岗岩氧逸度ΔFMQ为-2.33~-0.08,平均值为-1.03(图14a)。Anderson et al.(2008)根据花岗岩中黑云母Fe/(Fe+Mg)比值将其划分为钛铁矿系列和磁铁矿系列,并给出了黑云母ΔFMQ-Al图解(图14b)。锡田印支期花岗岩的Fe/(Fe+Mg)值为0.64~0.67,燕山期花岗岩的Fe/(Fe+Mg)值为0.88~0.90,在黑云母ΔFMQ-Al图解中,印支期花岗岩位于磁铁矿系列,氧逸度ΔFMQ为0.5~1.0;燕山期花岗岩位于钛铁矿系列,氧逸度ΔFMQ为-1.0~-0.8。
综上,在岩浆演化的早期锆石结晶阶段和晚期黑云母结晶阶段,燕山期花岗岩氧逸度均低于印支期花岗岩。Sn在岩浆中有Sn4+和Sn2+两种形式,低氧逸度条件下,锡主要以Sn2+形式存在,而Sn2+的离子半径较大,不以类质同象的形式进入早期镁铁质矿物,倾向于在晚期熔体或者流体中富集,导致锡的成矿与相对还原的岩体关系密切(丁磊磊等,2022)。因此,较低的氧逸度可能是导致锡田地区燕山期花岗岩具有更大锡成矿潜力的原因之一。
4.5 岩浆挥发分
黑云母被广泛用于研究岩浆-热液系统中挥发物的演化,其中F和Cl是通过F-OH和Cl-OH交换进入黑云母,由于Cl离子半径(0.181 nm)比F离子半径(0.131 nm)和OH离子半径(0.138 nm)大,黑云母OH位置上的Cl置换量要明显少于F,F含量普遍比Cl高(Yu Kelong et al.,2022孙克克等,2025)。锡田印支期花岗岩中黑云母F、Cl含量分别为1.99%~2.39%、0.06%~0.09%,燕山期花岗岩黑云母F、Cl含量为2.12%~2.83%、0.01%~0.04%,均相对富F贫Cl(图15a)。为规避Mg/Fe比值对黑云母OH位置上卤族元素替换的影响,采用黑云母截距参数Ⅳ(F)和Ⅳ(Cl)反映各挥组分的相对富集程度(Munoz,1984),公式如下:
13锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩微量元素特征图
Fig.13The diagrams of trace element compositions of Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
14印支期和燕山期花岗岩锆石ΔFMQ-温度图解(a)和黑云母ΔFMQ-Al图解(b,据Anderson et al.,2008
Fig.14ΔFMQ value-temperature diagram of zircon (a) and ΔFMQ-Al diagram of biotite (b, after Anderson et al., 2008) from the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
15锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩黑云母Cl-F成分图解(a);Ⅳ(Cl)-Ⅳ(F)图解(b,据Anderson et al.,2008
Fig.15Cl-F diagram (a) and Ⅳ (Cl) -Ⅳ (F) diagram (b, after Anderson et al., 2008) of biotite from the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites
IV (F) =1.52Xphl+0.42Xann+0.20Xsid-lgXF/XOH
IV (Cl) =-5.01-1.93Xphl-lgXF/XOH
式中,Xphl=Mg/(八面体位置上阳离子总数);Xsid=[(3-Si/Al)/1.75](1-Xphl);Xann=1-(Xphl+Xsid)。计算获得印支期花岗岩中黑云母的Ⅳ(F)和Ⅳ(Cl)分别为1.15~1.26和-3.61~-3.45,燕山期花岗岩中黑云母的Ⅳ(F)和Ⅳ(Cl)分别为0.71~0.87和-2.78~-2.38(图15b)。Ⅳ(F)和Ⅳ(Cl)值越小代表该卤族元素在岩浆热液系统中富集程度越高(Munoz,1984)。高F含量会降低岩浆固相线温度和熔体的密度,使熔体聚合度减小、黏度降低,在一定程度上增加成矿元素在熔体中扩散性能,从而使成矿元素在熔体中的溶解度增大(隋清霖等,2020)。F还可以与钨锡元素组成络阴离子团(SnF2-4、WO2F2-4),使成矿元素在流体体系中趋于稳定,导致成矿流体可以远距离运移(吴堑虹等,2023)。锡田印支期和燕山期花岗岩中黑云母的Ⅳ(F)和Ⅳ(Cl)值与其他Sn-W-Be成矿岩体中黑云母的特征类似(图16)(Azadbakht et al.,2020),燕山期较印支期花岗岩更加富集F元素。因此,燕山期花岗岩较印支期更加富集F元素是具更大成矿潜力的重要原因之一。
16锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩中黑云母F元素富集特征图(a)和Cl元素富集特征图(b)(据Guo Jia et al.,2022
Fig.16Enrichment characteristics of F (a) and enrichment characteristics of Cl (b) in biotite from the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in the Xitian area (after Guo Jia et al., 2022)
5 结论
(1)锡田地区两期花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb加权平均年龄分别为240.0±1.3 Ma(MSWD=0.44)、152.9±1.0 Ma(MSWD=1.30),成岩时代分别属于印支期和燕山期。
(2)印支期和燕山期花岗岩均来自古元古代古老地壳物质高温部分熔融,但燕山期较印支期花岗岩的源岩更加年轻,印支期花岗岩源区经过70多个Ma演化,地壳组分发生变化,形成W、Sn元素更加富集的燕山期花岗岩源区。
(3)更加富集的岩浆源区,更低的氧逸度和更加富集F元素可能是燕山期花岗岩较印支期具有更大钨锡成矿潜力的重要原因。
致谢:中国地质科学院郑州矿产综合利用研究所于得水博士在论文撰写过程中给予了大量帮助,在此表示衷心的感谢。感谢两位审稿专家对本文详细而全面的审阅,他们的意见使本文的质量得到很大提升。
1南岭造山带构造简图(a,据周云等,2021)和锡田地区地质简图(b,据牛睿等,2015
Fig.1Simplified tectonic divisions of the Nanling Orogenic Belt (a, after Zhou Yun et al., 2021) and geological map of the Xitian region (b, after Niu Rui et al., 2015)
2锡田地区细粒斑状二长花岗岩(a~c)、细粒黑云母花岗岩(d~f)手标本和镜下照片
Fig.2Hand specimens and microscopic photographs of fine grained porphyritic monzonite granites (a~c) and fine grained porphyritic monzonite granite (d~f) in Xitian region
3锡田地区细粒斑状二长花岗岩(a)和细粒黑云母花岗岩(b)代表性锆石CL照片
Fig.3CL images of representative zircons from fine grained porphyritic monzonite granite (a) and fine grained biotite granite (b) in Xitian region
4锡田地区花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄图
Fig.4U-Pb age diagrams of zircons for the granites in Xitian region
5锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩A/NK-A/CNK(a,据Maniar and Piccoli,1989)和 K2O-SiO2图解(b,据Rickwood,1989
Fig.5A/NK-A/CNK diagram (a, after Maniar and Piccoli, 1989) and K2O-SiO2 diagram (b, after Rickwood, 1989) of the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
6锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩稀土配分图(a)及微量元素蛛网图(b)(球粒陨石标准化值和原始地幔标准化值据Sun and McDonough,1989
Fig.6Chondrite-normalize REE diagrams (a) and primitive mantle-normalized spider diagram (b) of the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites (data of chondrite and primitive mantle were from Sun and McDonough, 1989) in Xitian region
7锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩锆石稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图(a,球粒陨石标准值据Sun and McDonough,1989)及锆石Eu*/Eu-Hf图解(b)
Fig.7Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a, normalization values after Sun and McDonough, 1989) and Eu*/Eu-Hf content diagram (b) of zircons from the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
8锡田地区印支期与燕山期花岗岩黑云母(FeT+Mn+Ti-Al)-(Mg-Li)分类图解(a,据Tischendorfi et al.,1987);黑云母Fe2+-Mg-Fe3+图解(b,据Wones and Eugster,1965
Fig.8(FeT+Mn+Ti-Al) - (Mg-Li) classification diagram of biotite (a, after Tischendorfi et al., 1987) and Fe2+-Mg-Fe3+ diagram of biotite (b, after Wones and Eugster, 1965) from Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
9锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩黑云母微量元素特征图
Fig.9The diagrams of trace element compositions of biotite from Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
10锡田地区成岩与成矿年龄对比
Fig.10Comparison of diagenetic age and metallogenic age in Xitian region
11锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩锆石εHft)-年龄图解(a,据Xu Bin et al.,2015
Fig.11εHf (t) -age diagram of zircon (a, after Xu Bin et al., 2015) from the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
12锡田地区印支期(a)和燕山期(b)花岗岩锆石Hf模式年龄统计直方图
Fig.12Hf model ages of zircons from the Indosinian (a) and Yanshanian (b) granites in Xitian region
13锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩微量元素特征图
Fig.13The diagrams of trace element compositions of Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
14印支期和燕山期花岗岩锆石ΔFMQ-温度图解(a)和黑云母ΔFMQ-Al图解(b,据Anderson et al.,2008
Fig.14ΔFMQ value-temperature diagram of zircon (a) and ΔFMQ-Al diagram of biotite (b, after Anderson et al., 2008) from the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
15锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩黑云母Cl-F成分图解(a);Ⅳ(Cl)-Ⅳ(F)图解(b,据Anderson et al.,2008
Fig.15Cl-F diagram (a) and Ⅳ (Cl) -Ⅳ (F) diagram (b, after Anderson et al., 2008) of biotite from the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites
16锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩中黑云母F元素富集特征图(a)和Cl元素富集特征图(b)(据Guo Jia et al.,2022
Fig.16Enrichment characteristics of F (a) and enrichment characteristics of Cl (b) in biotite from the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in the Xitian area (after Guo Jia et al., 2022)
1锡田地区细粒斑状二长花岗岩和细粒黑云母花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb分析结果
Table1The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb analysis results of zircons from the fine grained porphyritic monzonite granite and fine grained biotite granite in Xitian region
2锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩锆石Hf同位素分析结果
Table2The Hf isotopic analysis results of zircon from the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
3锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩主量元素(%)、稀土元素(×10-6)和微量元素(×10-6)分析结果
Table3Major (%) , rare earth (×10-6) and trace (×10-6) element compositions of the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
4锡田地区印支期花岗岩和燕山期花岗岩中锆石微量元素(×10-6)分析结果
Table4The analysis results of zircon trace elements (×10-6) from the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
5锡田地区印支期和燕山期花岗岩黑云母EPMA主量元素(%)和LA-ICP-MS微量元素(×10-6)分析结果
Table5EPMA major element data (%) and LA-ICP MS trace element data (×10-6) of biotite from the Indosinian and Yanshanian granites in Xitian region
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