The VMS (volcanic massive sulfide) deposits associated with marine volcanic activities, constitute a metallogenic spectrum which range from Cu type, Cu-Zn type, Cu-Pb-Zn type to Pb-Zn type. The deposits are significant sources of minerals such as copper, zinc, lead, silver, gold, and sulfur. Due to the high ore grade, diverse useful components, and high economic value, VMS deposits are a globally important target for mineral exploration. This paper systematically summarizes the classification, ore-forming environment, characteristics of the metallogenic system, and positioning prediction indicators of VMS deposits, proposing that VMS deposits are products of submarine volcanic hydrothermal systems in extensional tectonic settings and are related to marine sodium-rich volcanic rocks.