The Duolong ore district in the Bangong Co–Nujiang metallogenic belt on the Tibetan Plateau is an important mineral resource base in China. Among them, the Tiegelongnan deposit, as a giant porphyry–epithermal Cu (Au) deposit, exhibits complex alteration mineral assemblages and mineralization systems. This study employs short-wave infrared spectroscopy (SWIR) to systematically scan and analyze drill core samples from 29 boreholes in the Tiegelongnan deposit. Key alteration minerals such as sericite, kaolinite, and dickite are identified, and their spatial distribution patterns are elucidated through statistical methods. The results reveal a significant shift in alteration mineral assemblages above and below the 4300?m elevation of the orebody: assemblages above this level are dominated by alunite, kaolinite, dickite, and pyrophyllite, while those below are primarily composed of sericite, with a marked reduction in kaolinite. The spatial overlap between low Pos2200 values of sericite and zones of high kaolinite crystallinity suggests that the southeastern deep part of the mining area is closer to a concealed porphyry intrusion. The advanced argillic alteration zone trends northwest, whereas the phyllic alteration zone is well-developed in the southeastern deep region, indicating potential for epithermal gold mineralization in the northwest and favorable prospects for porphyry Cu-Mo mineralization in the southeastern deep area. The alunite alteration zone is displaced by the Rongnagou fault, and combined with the vertical zonation of alteration, this implies further exploration potential in the southwestern deep part of the deposit. This research demonstrates a methodological approach for large-scale SWIR data analysis in delineating alteration zoning, offering scientific insights and technical support for deep and peripheral exploration of the Tiegelongnan deposit.