南盘江盆地南缘二叠纪—三叠纪岩浆活动与锰铝成矿关系
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本文为国家重点研发计划课题(编号2022YFC2903401)和中国地质调查局项目(编号DD20242126)联合资助的成果


Permian- Triassic magmatism in the southern margin of the Nanpanjiang basin and its realtionship to the manganese and bauxite mineralization
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    摘要:

    南盘江盆地南缘二叠纪—三叠纪岩浆活动活跃,广泛出露的岩浆岩为研究该区域晚古生代—早中生代构造演化提供了良好载体。同时,桂西南地区还是我国重要的锰、铝资源基地,岩浆活动与锰铝成矿作用之间的成因联系已成为近年来研究的热点。本文系统总结了南盘江盆地南缘二叠纪—三叠纪岩浆岩的岩石组合、地球化学和同位素组成特征,进而探讨了其源区性质、岩石成因及其对锰铝成矿的潜在贡献。野外地质调查和同位素定年结果显示,南盘江盆地南缘岩浆岩至少包括三期活动:晚二叠世(~260 Ma)、早—中三叠世(250~241 Ma)和晚三叠世(~215 Ma)。其中,晚二叠世与晚三叠世以基性侵入岩和玄武岩为主,早—中三叠世则发育中基性、酸性火山岩和少量闪长岩。晚二叠世基性岩分为高Ti和低Ti两组,以高Ti(>2. 5%)组为主。高Ti基性岩属于碱性系列,富集轻稀土元素(LREEs),轻重稀土元素分异明显,同时富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs)和高场强元素(HFSEs),原始地幔标准化微量元素配分曲线呈上凸特征,具有较低的(87Sr/86Sr)i值(0. 7053~0. 7054)、εNd(t)值接近0(1. 5~+1. 8),与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)类似,源自软流圈地幔部分熔融。低Ti基性岩属于拉斑玄武岩系列,富集LILEs,显著的Nb- Ta负异常,εHf(t)值为负,来源于古老岩石圈地幔部分熔融。早—中三叠世中基性火山岩SiO2含量为53%~60%,具有高MgO(>5%)、Cr和Ni,地球化学性质与高镁安山岩/闪长岩相似。富集LILEs,具有高Y、低Sr/Y和(La/Yb)N比值,(87Sr/86Sr)i值变化较大(0. 7065~0. 7119),较均一的Nd- Hf同位素组成(εNd(t)=8. 8~6. 5和εHf(t)=5. 3~2. 4),来自受俯冲板片沉积物熔体(和流体)交代的岩石圈地幔部分熔融。早—中三叠世酸性火山岩为过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,具有高的SiO2,低的MgO和MnO含量,显著的Nb- Ta负异常,以及高(87Sr/86Sr)i比值和低εNd(t)值(11. 5~9. 1),呈现岛弧火山岩的特征。晚三叠世低Ti基性岩TiO2含量普遍较低(<1. 5%),属于拉斑玄武岩系列,富集LILEs并具有明显的Nb- Ta负异常,(87Sr/86Sr)i值(0. 7068~0. 7090)、εNd(t)值(1. 7~8. 5)变化范围大,来自富集的岩石圈地幔部分熔融与软流圈地幔熔体相互作用。结合区域资料,本文认为南盘江盆地南缘晚二叠世基性岩形成于被动陆缘伸展体制,早—中三叠世火山岩形成于俯冲相关的弧环境,晚三叠世基性岩形成于后碰撞阶段伸展背景。总体上,南盘江盆地南缘晚二叠世与早—中三叠世岩浆活动分别与区内铝土矿、锰矿的主成矿期大致对应。其中,晚二叠世低Ti基性岩和早—中三叠世火山岩可能为铝、锰成矿提供了物质来源。

    Abstract:

    The Permian- Triassic igneous rocks exposed along the southern margin of the Nanpanjiang basin provide an important record of Late Paleozoic- Early Mesozoic regional tectonic evolution. As southwestern Guangxi is a key manganese and bauxite resource region in China, the genetic link between magmatism and mineralization has attracted increasing research attention. This study summarizes the rock assemblages, geochemical and isotopic signatures of these igneous rocks, and discusses their sources, petrogenesis, and relationship with manganese and bauxite metallogenesis. The magmatism occurred in three phases: Late Permian (~260 Ma), Early- Middle Triassic (250~241 Ma) and Late Triassic (~215 Ma). Among these, the Late Permian and Late Triassic are dominanted by the basic intrusive rocks and basalts, whereas the Early- Middle Triassic consists of intermediate- basic and acidic volcanic rocks with minor diorite. The Late Permian basic rocks are divided into high- Ti and low- Ti groups, with the high- Ti group (>2. 5%) being dominant. The high- Ti group belongs to the alkaline series, enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs), large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and high field strength elements (HFSEs). They have low (87Sr/86Sr)i values (0. 7053~0. 7054) and εNd(t) values close to 0 (1. 5~+1. 8), similar to OIB, and are derived from the partial melting of asthenospheric mantle. The low- Ti group belongs to the tholeiitic series, enriched in LILEs, with negative Nb- Ta anomalies and εHf(t) values less than 0, originating from the partial melting of ancient lithospheric mantle. The Early- Middle Triassic intermediate- basic volcanic rocks have SiO2 contents ranging from 53% to 60%, with high MgO (>5%), Cr and Ni, which are similar to the geochemical characteristics of high- Mg andesite/diorite. They are enriched in LILEs, with high Y, low Sr/Y and (La/Yb)N ratios, relatively large variations in (87Sr/86Sr)i values (0. 7065~0. 7119), and relatively uniform Nd- Hf isotopic compositions (εNd(t)=8. 8~6. 5 and εHf(t)=5. 3~2. 4). They are derived from the partial melting of lithospheric mantle metasomatized by subducted slab sediment melts (and fluids). The Early- Middle Triassic acidic volcanic rocks belong to peraluminous high- K calc- alkaline rocks, with high SiO2 content, low MgO and MnO contents, significant negative Nb- Ta anomalies, high (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios and low εNd(t) values (11. 5~9. 1), showing the characteristics of island arc volcanic rocks. The Late Triassic low- Ti basic intrusive rocks generally have low TiO2 content (<1. 5%), belonging to the tholeiitic basalt series. They are enriched in LILEs, with obvious negative Nb- Ta anomalies, and a large range of variations in (87Sr/86Sr)i values (0. 7068~0. 7090) and εNd(t) values (1. 7~8. 5). They are formed by the interaction between the partial melting of enriched lithospheric mantle and asthenospheric mantle melts. Overall, Late Permian and Early- Middle Triassic magmatism coincides with bauxite and manganese metallogenesis, respectively. The Late Permian low- Ti basic rocks and Early- Middle Triassic volcanic rocks likely supplied key material for metallogenesis.

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向忠金,闫臻,贾建亮,付长垒,李荣志,闫全人.2026.南盘江盆地南缘二叠纪—三叠纪岩浆活动与锰铝成矿关系[J].地质学报,100(2):387-405.
XIANG Zhongjin, YAN Zhen, JIA Jianliang, FU Changlei, LI Rongzhi, YAN Quanren.2026. Permian- Triassic magmatism in the southern margin of the Nanpanjiang basin and its realtionship to the manganese and bauxite mineralization[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,100(2):387-405.

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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-15
  • 最后修改日期:2025-09-17
  • 录用日期:2025-09-17
  • 在线发布日期: 2026-02-12
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