Manganese ore, a strategic mineral resource, exhibits a close genetic relationship with the co- evolution of Earth' s multi- sphere systems. This paper systematically reviews the genetic types, spatiotemporal distribution characteristics, and genesis mechanisms of global manganese deposits,focusing on elucidating the metallogeny of marine sedimentary deposits and their coupling with Earth' s redox history. Studies indicate that global manganese mineralization predominantly occurred during the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic eons. Paleoproterozoic manganese deposits correlate temporally with supercontinent cycles and atmospheric oxygenation events, while Phanerozoic manganese mineralization is associated with oceanic anoxic events and biological extinction episodes. Through detailed analysis of representative global deposits, such as the Longtou and Xilimiao deposits in China, the Bikkulovskoe deposits in Russia, and the Kalahari and Postmasburg fields in South Africa, this research reveals multi- sphere collaborative ore- controlling mechanisms, providing a theoretical foundation for manganese exploration and resource prediction.