黔北遵义二叠纪大型沉积碳酸锰矿成矿过程及控制因素
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本文为国家重点研发计划项目(编号2022YFC2903403)、国家自然科学基金项目(编号42362014, 42462008)、贵州省科技计划项目(编号 黔科合基础- ZK\[2023\]一般463, 黔科合基础- ZK\[2024\] 一般684)、铜仁学院博士科研启动基金(编号 trxyDH202214)、铜仁市博士人才科技计划项目(编号 铜市科研(2024)3号)和贵州省高层次创新人才培养计划项目(编号 2024- (2023)- 072)联合资助的成果


Metallogenic processes and controlling factors of the Permian giant sedimentary manganese carbonate deposits in Zunyi area, northern Guizhou
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    摘要:

    沉积碳酸锰矿是重要的锰矿类型和探究地球表生系统氧化还原状态的重要载体,其沉淀机制、成矿过程及古环境重建是地质学家关注的关键问题。本研究对遵义锰矿开展系统的沉积学、宏/微观矿物组构、自生碳酸盐微量元素和碳氧同位素组成分析,探讨锰矿成矿物质来源、沉淀机制、成矿环境演变及控制因素。遵义锰矿发育热液角砾状构造锰矿石,矿石中可见脉状/网脉状含锰方解石穿插,并发现大量热液成因矿物(如黄铜矿、硫钴镍矿及辉钼矿等)。结合锰矿石自生碳酸盐组分元素比值(如Fe/Ti、Ni/Co及Cu/Zn比值)、稀土元素(REY)分异特征及成因判别图解表明,锰矿成矿物质来源于与火山活动相关的热液活动。锰碳酸盐矿物内部可见原生铁锰氧化物,矿石自生碳酸盐组分REY含量(平均143. 6×10-6)较高,矿石具有负δ13Ccarb值(平均6. 20‰),且δ13Ccarb值分别与MnO和CaO+MgO含量呈负相关(R2=0. 51)和正相关(R2=0. 52),表明锰碳酸盐是锰氧化物成岩转化的产物。岩相学、沉积序列及氧化还原指标(如MoEF、UEF及Ce异常等)表明,锰质沉淀过程中盆地水体由缺氧- 硫化向次氧化- 氧化条件转变。综合全球/区域古构造、古地理及古海洋演变分析,黔北遵义锰矿是中二叠世晚期古构造- 岩浆- 热液活动、古地理及古海洋环境演变共同作用的产物。峨嵋地幔柱隆升导致黔中裂谷盆地的形成和盆地内断裂系统和岩浆热液活动的发育,为锰矿成矿提供了必需的物质来源、运移通道及沉淀场所。盆地内水体氧化还原分层系统的形成为锰的初始富集提供了必要条件。地幔柱持续抬升和大规模海退叠加驱动盆地底部富锰水体由缺氧向次氧化- 氧化条件转变,导致锰质发生大规模氧化沉淀,而后在成岩转化过程中形成碳酸锰矿。

    Abstract:

    Sedimentary manganese (Mn) carbonate ores are an important type of Mn deposit, and serve as a critical carrier for investigating the redox state of Earth' s surficial system. The precipitation mechanism, metallogenic process and paleoenvironment reconstruction of sedimentary Mn carbonate deposit are key issues of concern to geologists. In this study, we investigated petrographic, geochemical and C isotopic characteristics of Permian the Zunyi Mn carbonate deposit, to explores the material source, precipitation mechanism, metallogenic environment, and control factors. The Zunyi Mn deposit developed hydrothermal brecciated Mn ores crosscut by Mn- bearing calcite veins, and numerous hydrothermal origin minerals (e.g., chalcopyrite, siegenite, and molybdenite, etc.) were observed in Mn ores. Combined with the element ratio of the authigenic carbonate for Mn ores (e.g. , Fe/Ti, Ni/Co, and Cu/Zn ratios), REY differentiation characteristics, and genesis diagrams reveal that the ore- forming materials originated from the volcanism related hydrothermal activities during the late stage of Middle Permian. The preserved original Fe- Mn oxide residues within Mn carbonate minerals, coupled with Mn ores exhibit high REY concentration (mean 143. 6×10-6) and negative δ13Ccarb value (mean 6. 20‰), and δ13Ccarb value is negatively correlated with MnO content (R2=0. 51) and positively correlated with CaO+MgO content (R2=0. 52), suggesting that Mn carbonates were formed via the diagenetic reduction of Mn oxides. Lithofacies, sedimentary sequences, and redox indicators (e.g., MoEF, UEF, and Ce anomalies) indicate that the basin water column shifted from euxinic- anoxic to suboxic- oxic conditions during Mn precipitation. Integrating the global/regional paleotectonic, paleogeographic and paleoceanic evolution, the Zunyi Mn deposits are product of the combined effects of the coeval paleotectonic- magmatic- hydrothermal activities, paleogeographic, and paleoceanic environmental evolution. The ELIP uplift caused the formation of the Qianzhong rift basin and the rift systems and magmatic- hydrothermal activities within the basin, provided the essential material source, migration channel, and precipitation site for Mn mineralization. The formation of the redox stratified water column within the basin provides the necessary conditions for the initial enrichment of Mn (Ⅱ). The dual effects of the sustained ELIP uplift and large- scale regression driven the bottom water column shift from anoxic to suboxic- oxic conditions, triggering large- scale Mn (Ⅳ) oxides precipitation, and subsequently transformed into Mn carbonates via diagenetic reduction.

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徐海,尹润生,高军波,杨瑞东,杨晨晨,翟梦迪,赵银强.2026.黔北遵义二叠纪大型沉积碳酸锰矿成矿过程及控制因素[J].地质学报,100(2):447-468.
XU Hai, YIN Runsheng, GAO Junbo, YANG Ruidong, YANG Chenchen, ZHAI Mengdi, ZHAO Yinqiang.2026. Metallogenic processes and controlling factors of the Permian giant sedimentary manganese carbonate deposits in Zunyi area, northern Guizhou[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,100(2):447-468.

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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-22
  • 最后修改日期:2025-05-28
  • 录用日期:2025-06-13
  • 在线发布日期: 2026-02-12
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