The Tanlu Fault, the largest lithospheric fault zone in eastern China, is characterized by frequent tectonic activity and is a significant zone of magmatism and mineralization from the Mesozoic to the Cenozoic. A comprehensive understanding of the Tanlu Fault is important for comprehending the tectonic evolution of eastern China during the Mesozoic and the current configuration of the Eurasian continent. Based on our recent research on Mesozoic magmatic rocks along the Tanlu Fault, and guided by the International Geological Map of Asia edited by Prof. Ren Jishun, we propose that the initiation of the Tanlu Fault' s large- scale strike- slip movement is linked to the collision between the oceanic plateau and the Eurasian continent in the early Cretaceous (~143 Ma). This profoundly deep fault, which dissects the lithosphere, is a critical factor in the destruction of the North China Craton, offering a pathway for the ascent of deep mantle- derived materials. The Tanlu Fault Zone hosts a systematic distribution of polymetallic mineral deposits, including gold fields, which formed in an extensional setting following a major compressional strike- slip event (~123 Ma) in eastern China.