The study of coal-related critical elements deposits has become a frontier hotspot in coal geology research and an important source for increasing reserves of critical elements mineral resources. This study focuses on the No. 3 coal seam of the Early Permian Shanxi Formation at the Maliantai Coal Mine in the Hengcheng mining area of the Ningdong coalfield. It investigates the mineral composition and geochemistry to determine the distribution, occurrence, and en-richment characteristics of elements minerals in the coal, as well as to evaluate their compre-hensive utilization. The study results show that:（1）The No. 3 coal seam at Maliantai is characterized by medium ash yield, high volatile yield, ultra-low total moisture content, and low to medium total sulfur content, with minerals in the coal mainly composed of kaolinite；（2）The major elements in the coal are primarily composed of SiO2 and Al2O3, with minor amounts of Fe2O3, CaO, and MgO. Compared to the average coal worldwide, Li and Zr reach enrichment levels, while Ga, Nb, Hf, Ta, Pb, Th, and rare earth elements (REE+Y) are slightly enriched；（3）Li and Ga are mainly found in kaolinite, Zr (Hf) and Nb (Ta) are primarily found in zircon, and REY is primarily hosted in kaolinite and aluminum phosphate (goyazite) associated with kao-linite. The Yinshan ancient land in the northeast of Ningdong coal field provides important felsic clastic material for the Malitai No. 3 coal, in addition, the Alashan block also provides some volcanic clastic material. The enrichment of critical metals such as Li, Zr (Hf), and Nb (Ta) in the coal is mainly controlled by the input of alkaline-peralkaline felsic clastic materials, with chemical weathering and water-rock interactions being secondary controlling factors. The en-richment of Ga is primarily controlled by the intensity of chemical weathering. The enrichment of REY is mainly influenced by the input of clastic materials and water-rock interaction processes. In addition, the kaolinite content also plays a role in the enrichment of Li, Ga, and REY. Malian Tai No. 3 coal has potential as a source of Li-Ga-Zr-REY metals.