The eastern margin of Yinchuan Graben is located in the northern part of the structural belt on the western margin of Ordos Basin, at the junction of Alashan Block, Ordos Block and Qinqi Fold Belt with strong activity. The Mesozoic and Cenozoic have experienced multi-stage structural activities, and its structural uplift is of great significance to the study of structural evolution and oil and gas exploration in the surrounding areas. Based on the age, length characteristics and thermal history simulation analysis of apatite and zircon fission tracks in different areas and horizons in the eastern margin of Yinchuan Graben, combined with structural characteristics and stratigraphic contact relationship, this paper points out that the study area has experienced at least Late Jurassic (160~145Ma), Late Cretaceous (100~70Ma), Early Miocene (22~20Ma) and Late Miocene (10~8Ma). There are some differences in uplift characteristics in different periods and regions. The uplift in the northern and southern parts of Mesozoic started earlier (early/middle Jurassic), and it gradually uplifted from the north and south parts to the middle part. The uplift rate in the middle part of late Jurassic was higher than that in the north and south parts, and the whole uplift was slow in the late Cretaceous. Since Miocene, the uplift has been characterized by early south and late north, and the uplift rate increased northward. This uplift period and differential uplift characteristics have corresponding geological response and regional dynamic mechanism.